Finno-Permic languages

The Finno-Permic (Fenno-Permic) or Finno-Permian (Fenno-Permian), or sometimes just Finnic (Fennic), are a proposed subdivision of the Uralic languages which comprises the Balto-Finnic languages, Sami languages, Mordvinic languages, Mari language, Permic languages and likely a number of extinct languages. In the traditional taxonomy of the Uralic languages, Finno-Permic is estimated to have split from Finno-Ugric around 3000–2500 BC, and branched into Permic languages and Finno-Volgaic languages around 2000 BC.[1] Nowadays the validity of the group as a taxonomical entity is being questioned, and the interrelationships of its five branches are debated with little consensus.[2][3]

Finno-Permic
Finnic
Geographic
distribution
Northern Fennoscandia, Baltic states, Southwestern, Southeastern, and Ural region of Russia
Linguistic classificationUralic
Subdivisions
GlottologNone
The Finno-Permic languages

The term Finnic languages has often been used to designate all the Finno-Permic languages, with the term Balto-Finnic used to disambiguate the Finnic languages proper.[4][1] (In Finnish scholarly usage, Finnic most often refers to the Baltic-Finnic languages alone.[5])

Subclassification

The subclassification of the Finno-Permic languages varies among scholars. During the 20th century, most classifications treated Permic vs Finno-Volgaic as the primary division. In the 21st century, Salminen rejected Finno-Permic and Finno-Volgaic entirely.[6] Other classifications treat the five branches of Finno-Permic as follows.

Janhunen (2009)[7] Häkkinen (2007)[8] Lehtinen (2007)[9] Michalove (2002)[10] Kulonen (2002)[11]
  • Permic
  • Finno-Volgaic
    • Mari
    • Finno-Samic
      • Sami
      • Finno-Mordvin
        • Mordvin
        • Balto-Finnic & Para-Finnic
  • Mari-Permic
    • Mari
    • Permic
  • Finno-Mordvin
    • Finnic
    • Sami
    • Mordvin
  • Permic
  • Finno-Volgaic
    • Mari
    • Mordvin
    • Finno-Samic
      • Sami
      • Balto-Finnic
  • Permic
  • Mari
  • Sami
  • Mordvin
  • Balto-Finnic
  • Permic
  • Mari
  • Mordvin
  • Finno-Samic
    • Sami
    • Balto-Finnic

See also

References

  1. Taagepera, Rein (1999). The Finno-Ugric republics and the Russian state. pp. 32–33. ISBN 0-415-91977-0.
  2. Salminen, Tapani (2002). "Problems in the taxonomy of the Uralic languages in the light of modern comparative studies".
  3. Aikio, Ante (2019). "Proto-Uralic". In Bakró-Nagy, Marianne; Laakso, Johanna; Skribnik, Elena (eds.). Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 1–4.
  4. "Finno-Ugric languages". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2013.
  5. See "The Finnic languages" by Johanna Laakso in The Circum-Baltic languages: typology and contact, p. 180.
  6. Salminen, Tapani (2007). "Europe and North Asia". In Christopher Moseley (ed.). Encyclopedia of the world's endangered languages. London: Routlegde. pp. 211–280.
  7. Janhunen, Juha (2009). "Proto-Uralic—what, where and when?" (PDF). In Jussi Ylikoski (ed.). The Quasquicentennial of the Finno-Ugrian Society. Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 258. Helsinki: Société Finno-Ougrienne. ISBN 978-952-5667-11-0. ISSN 0355-0230.
  8. Häkkinen, Jaakko 2007: Kantauralin murteutuminen vokaalivastaavuuksien valossa. Pro gradu -työ, Helsingin yliopiston Suomalais-ugrilainen laitos. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe20071746
  9. Lehtinen, Tapani (2007). Kielen vuosituhannet. Tietolipas. 215. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. ISBN 978-951-746-896-1.
  10. Michalove, Peter A. (2002) The Classification of the Uralic Languages: Lexical Evidence from Finno-Ugric. In: Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen, vol. 57
  11. Kulonen, Ulla-Maija (2002). "Kielitiede ja suomen väestön juuret". In Grünthal, Riho (ed.). Ennen, muinoin. Miten menneisyyttämme tutkitaan. Tietolipas. 180. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. pp. 104–108. ISBN 978-951-746-332-4.

Further reading

  • Abondolo, Daniel, ed. (1998). The Uralic Languages. London and New York. ISBN 0-415-08198-X.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.