Fissure
In anatomy, a fissure (Latin fissura, plural fissurae) is a groove, natural division, deep furrow, elongated cleft, or tear in various parts of the body also generally called a sulcus, or in the brain a sulcus.
Types
Brain
- Broca's fissure: found in the third left frontal fold of the brain.
- Burdach's fissure: connects the brain's insula and the inner surface of the operculum.
- Calcarin's fissure: extends from the occipital of the cerebrum to the occipital fissure.
- Callosomarginal fissure: found in the medial surface of the cerebrum.
- Central sulcus or Rolando's fissure: separates the brain's frontal and parietal lobes.
- Clevenger's fissure: found in the inferior temporal lobe of the brain
- Collateral fissure: found in the inferior surface of the cerebrum.
- Fissure of Bichat: found below the corpus callosum in the cerebellum of the brain.
- Fissure of Sylvius: separates the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain from the temporal lobe.
- Hippocampal sulcus: a sulcus that extends from the brain's corpus callosum to the tip of the temporal lobe.
- Horizontal fissure or Transverse fissure: found between the cerebrum and the cerebellum. Note that a "transverse fissure" can also be found in the liver and lungs.
- Medial longitudinal fissure or Longitudinal fissure: which divides the cerebrum into the two hemispheres.
- Occipitoparietal fissure: found between the occipital and parietal lobes of the brain.
- Wernicke's fissure: separates the brain's temporal and parietal lobes from the occipital lobe.
- Zygal fissure: found in the cerebrum.
Liver
- Ligamentum teres hepatis fissure
- Ligamentum venosum fissure
- Portal fissure, found in the under-surface of the liver
- Transverse fissure of liver, found in the lower surface of the liver
- Umbilical fissure, found in front of the liver
Lung
- Azygos fissure, of right lung
- Horizontal fissure of right lung
- Oblique fissure, of the right and left lungs
Skull
- Auricular fissure, found in the temporal bone
- Petrotympanic fissure
- Pterygomaxillary fissure
- Sphenoidal fissure, separates the wings and the body of the sphenoid bone
- Superior orbital fissure
Other types
- Fissure (dentistry), a break in the tooth enamel
- Anal fissure, a break or tear in the skin of the anal canal
- Fissure of the nipple, a condition that results from running, breastfeeding and other friction-causing exposures
- Fissured tongue, a condition characterized by deep grooves (fissures) in the tongue
- Henle's fissure, a fissure in the connective tissue between the muscle fibers of the heart
- Palpebral fissure, separates the upper and lower eyelids
- Skin fissure, a linear-like cleavage of skin, sometimes defined as extending into the dermis
- Ventral median fissure, of the spinal cord
Abnormal fissure
Fissure can also refer to an unnatural tract or ulcer, most commonly found in the anus and called an anal fissure.
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