Fort DeRussy Military Reservation

Fort DeRussy is a United States military reservation in the Waikiki area of Honolulu, Hawaii, under the jurisdiction of the United States Army. Unfenced and largely open to public traffic, the installation consists mainly of landscaped greenspace. The former Battery Randolph now houses the U.S. Army Museum of Hawaiʻi, which is open to the public. The Hale Koa Hotel, an Armed Forces Recreation Center, and the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies are also located on Fort DeRussy.

Battery Randolph
U.S. Army Museum of Hawaiʻi at Fort DeRussy
Location32 Kalia Rd., Honolulu, Hawaii
Coordinates21°16′44″N 157°50′1″W
Built1911
MPSArtillery District of Honolulu TR
NRHP reference No.84000971
Added to NRHPJune 5, 1984[1]
Historical marker for the Kalia fish ponds, the current location of the fort

History

The property was once owned by Chinese millionaire merchant Chun Afong, who built a villa on the three acres of landscaped grounds. Afong used this property to host parties and receive royal guests, dignitaries, diplomats, military officers and others. He sold the property in 1904 to the United States Army Corps of Engineers for $28,000; the Army constructed Batteries Randolph and Dudley (no longer extant).[2] High Chiefess Elizabeth Kekaʻaniau Pratt and her husband Franklin Seaver Pratt may have also owned property on the site called Bath Villa.[3]

Fort DeRussy in Honolulu is one of five Forts DeRussy in the United States. There is one in Louisiana, one in Kentucky, and one in Washington, D.C.: these four were all built during the American Civil War. This one was named for General René Edward De Russy (1789–1865), who supervised military fort construction and was also Superintendent of West Point during his career. Coming as children with their family to the United States as refugees from Saint-Domingue (now Haiti), both René and his younger brother Lewis grew up in Virginia and graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point. At advanced ages, both served during the American Civil War: René on the Union side and Lewis in the Confederate Army, the oldest West Point graduate to serve in it.

Located on Waikiki Beach, near Oahu's historic Royal Hawaiian Hotel and the Moana Hotel, the former Shore Battery Randolph was used as a site for servicemen on Rest and Recuperation (R&R) during the Vietnam War. Fort DeRussy was one of a number of shore batteries on the island of Oahu originally designed to provide coastal defense.[4] Due to the increased effectiveness of air attacks, most of the guns on these sites were retired during the early 1950s. The 14-inch guns of Shore Battery Randolph were fired once in a practice shortly after the Attack on Pearl Harbor. This resulted in shattering many of the windows in the Royal Hawaiian and Moana hotels, and the guns were not fired again.[5]

Active facilities

Official military facilities include the Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, the Fort DeRussy Chapel, and the Hale Koa Hotel, a Morale, Welfare and Recreation facility.

U.S. Army Museum of Hawaiʻi
Fort DeRussy Beach, 1959

The U.S. Army Museum of Hawaiʻi is housed inside Battery Randolph, a former coastal artillery battery. Battery Randolph was constructed in 1911 to defend Honolulu Harbor on Oahu from attack, and was equipped with two 14-inch guns on disappearing carriages, with a range of about 40,000 yards (37 km).[6] It was named for Maj Benjamin H. Randolph (who died 1907).[7]

The museum's collection contains some World War II armor pieces, an AH-1 Cobra helicopter, and small arms indoors, as well as the battery itself. The exhibits cover the history of US Army warfare in the Pacific hemisphere and admission is free.[8] It is located on Kalia Road, coordinates 21°16′44″N 157°50′1″W.

Another installation of two 6-inch guns was called Battery Dudley, named for Gen. Edgar S. Dudley (died 1911).[7] The "Artillery District of Honolulu" (state historic site 80-13-1382)[9] was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Oahu on June 5, 1984.[10]

Army museums
See: National Museum of the United States Army#Other Army museums

See also

References
  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
  2. Prats, J. J.; Miller, Richard E.; Pfingsten, Bill, eds. (November 16, 2008). "Afong Villa — Waikīkī Historic Trail". The Historical Marker Database. Retrieved May 20, 2017.
  3. "Governor Gets Suggestions For Waikiki Street Names; Sends Them To Mayor Wilson". The Honolulu Advertiser. Honolulu. March 18, 1922. p. 2. Retrieved July 4, 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. "American Seacoast Defenses Forts, Military Reservations and Batteries 1794-1945: Oahu 1922" (PDF). Coast Defense Study Group (cdsg.org). Retrieved January 19, 2018.
  5. Warrant Office R.S. McMurtrie (interview.)
  6. Williford, Glen, et al. : Defenses of Pearl Harbor and Oahu 1907-50, page 60. Osprey Publishing, 2003.
  7. William H. Dorrance (1995). "Land Defenses of O'ahu's Forts, 1908-1920". Hawaiian Journal of History. 29. Hawaiian Historical Society. pp. 147–161. hdl:10524/622.
  8. "Hawaii Army Museum". Hawaii Army Museum Society. Retrieved 2010-02-01.
  9. "National and State Register of Historic Places on Oʻahu" (PDF). Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources. June 2009. Retrieved 2010-02-02.
  10. Alvin L. Char (November 23, 1983). "Artillery District of Honolulu nomination form". National Park Service.

Further reading
  • Pierre Moulin (2008). A History of Fort Derussy: U.S. Army Museum of Hawaii. Mutual Publishing LLC. ISBN 978-1-56647-850-2.
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