Founder takes all

The founder takes all (FTA) hypothesis refers to the evolutionary advantages conferred to first-arriving lineages in an ecosystem.[1]

In this GIF, the different colours represent different genotypes in a metapopulation. Following a disturbance that destroys some of the populations, the first lineages to move into the disturbed area are able to establish and multiply to monopolize space. Later-arriving lineages can be 'blocked' by the newly established populations.

The FTA model is underpinned by demographic and ecological phenomena and processes such as the Allee effect, ‘gene surfing’,[2] ‘high-density blocking’[3] and ‘priority effects’[4]—whereby early-colonising lineages can reach high densities and thus hinder the success of late-arriving colonisers—which have been suggested to strongly influence spatial biodiversity patterns.

Scientific evidence for FTA processes has emerged from a variety of evolutionary, biogeographic and ecological research areas, with examples including the sectoring patterns sometimes evident in microbial colonies;[5] phylogeographic sectoring of lineages inferred to have rapidly expanded into new terrain following deglaciation;[6][7] the island ‘progression rule’;[8] and sudden biological replacement (lineage turnover) following extirpation.[9]

One possible scientific consequence of FTA dynamics is that measures of gene flow based on genetics of contemporary high-density populations may underestimate actual rates of dispersal and invasion potential.[10]

See also

References
  1. Waters JM, Fraser CI, Hewitt GM (2013). "Founder takes all: density-dependent processes structure biodiversity". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 28: 78–85. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2012.08.024. PMID 23000431.
  2. Excoffier, L.; Ray, N. (2008). "Surfing during population expansions promotes genetic revolutions and structuration". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 23: 347–351. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2008.04.004.
  3. Ibrahim, K.M.; et al. (1996). "Spatial patterns of genetic variation generated by different forms of dispersal during range expansion". Heredity. 77: 282–291. doi:10.1038/hdy.1996.142.
  4. De Meester L, Gomez A, Okamura B, Schwenk K (2002). "The Monopolization Hypothesis and the dispersal-gene flow paradox in aquatic organisms". Acta Oecologica-International Journal of Ecology. 23: 121–135. doi:10.1016/S1146-609X(02)01145-1.
  5. Hallatschek, O.; et al. (2007). "Genetic drift at expanding frontiers promotes gene segregation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104: 19926–19930. arXiv:0812.2345. doi:10.1073/pnas.0710150104.
  6. Hewitt, G. (2000). "The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages". Nature. 405: 907–913. doi:10.1038/35016000. PMID 10879524.
  7. Fraser CI, Nikula R, Spencer HG, Waters JM (2009). "Kelp genes reveal effects of subantarctic sea ice during the Last Glacial Maximum". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106: 3249–3253. doi:10.1073/pnas.0810635106. PMC 2651250. PMID 19204277.
  8. Shaw; Gillespie (2016). "Comparative phylogeography of oceanic archipelagos: hotspots for inferences of evolutionary processes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 113: 7986. doi:10.1073/pnas.1601078113. PMC 4961166. PMID 27432948.
  9. Collins CJ, Rawlence NJ, Prost S, et al. (2014). "Extinction and recolonization of coastal megafauna following human arrival in New Zealand". Proceedings of the Royal Society. 281: 20140097. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.0097.
  10. Fraser CI, Banks SC, Waters JM (2015). "Priority effects can lead to underestimation of dispersal and invasion potential". Biological Invasions. 17: 1–8. doi:10.1007/s10530-014-0714-1.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.