Frenchman's Tower

Gothic windows and simulated Battlements on Frenchman's Tower

Frenchman's Tower built in 1875

Chindia Tower built between the 15th and 19th century

Frenchman's Tower was built in 1875 and has miniature crenels along the top and Gothic windows, giving it a style similar to Medieval fortifications built hundreds of years earlier, not unlike Chindia Tower built between the 15th and 19th century. In the Middle Ages, crenels were used to shield archers defending the structure.

The second floor held a water tank, while the first floor was used as a library. The original owner, Paulin Caperon, spent many hours in his library reading and studying. The building never had any doors, requiring entry through a window

The tower, situated near Matadero Creek, was originally connected to one of six tunnels used to provide subterranean water to his farm and to his lake. Workers had to remove tons of earth before reaching a sufficient underground water source.[6] Bricks for the tower were made by Albert Bowman and Company from a clay deposit discovered in Mountain View in the same year that the tower was constructed.[7]

Plaque next to Frenchman's Tower

Frenchman's Tower 1910-1930 photo in San Jose Public Library

Over the years, many different ideas and stories regarding Paulin Caperon's tower and tunnels have been told. Caperon, who also went by the alias Peter Coutts, is said to have "enjoyed mystifying his neighbors" and often helped perpetuate these stories by neither denying nor confirming the fanciful tales. These include the construction of tunnels and fortified tower to "withstand a siege by his enemies" and harboring the French Empress, neither of which were true.[3]

Public curiosity

Inside Frenchman's Tower

Some articles show the writer's curiosity about the tower.

• In a 2010 article, Examiner reporter William Baeck described how he climbed over a wire fence and crawled past poison oak. Then he held his camera inside the tower and began photographing.[4]
• In 2006 photographer Eric Chan took photos of the tower, including photos documenting his presence both outside and inside the tower. He described how he climbed through a small hole in the back and found it "pretty scary inside". The photo on the right, showing the inside of the structure, is one of many he posted on Flickr.[12]

Official concerns

Damage caused by names being carved into bricks on Frenchman's Tower

• A 2004 environmental impact report on trail alignment expressed concerns that proposed trail segment AD05 would attract more visitors, possibly leading to the tower being further vandalized. The report also stated that more bike and foot traffic might make the tower more visible, possibly protecting the tower. To mitigate the risk, the landowner agreed to inspect the tower every six months and to take action upon discovery of further damage.[2]

Jean-Baptiste Paulin Caperon was born of wealthy parents near Bordeaux France in 1822 and died in Bordeaux, France, in September 1889 at the age of sixty-seven.[3]

Paulin Caperon was the son of one of Napoleon's officers. He lost both parents when he was only 26 years old. He "openly criticized Napoleon III policies and opposed the Franco-Prussian War.[11]" He founded a private bank, which he sold in 1873. Because of problems in France, he left France for Brussels, Belgium, and then went to New Orleans using identity papers of his deceased cousin Peter Coutts. He traveled to San Francisco and then to the township of Mayfield.[3] Paulin Caperon continued using the name Peter Coutts when he arrived in Mayfield (present day Palo Alto).

In 1875 he bought 1,400 acres (4.7 km2) of Rancho Rincon de San Francisquito from Jeremiah Clarke for $90,000.[13] Caperon had a heart ailment, and his wife was an invalid. He felt concerned that he and his wife might both die, and his children might have difficulty[11] inheriting his estate, so he took title to the land in the name of his children's governess Eugene Cloyensen.

Bridge built on Caperon's land. The area is now a park and Stanford faculty housing.

Caperon developed the land into a thriving stock farm and eventually directed the construction of a tower to distribute water. He seemed friendly but would not discuss his past.[6] When local residents discovered that Peter Coutts (Paulin Caperon) had actually purchased the land in the name of his children's governess, the townspeople grew suspicious, made speculations, and spread rumors about the intended purpose of the tower.[6] In 1882, only eight years after his arrival, Paulin Caperon suddenly returned to his native France and sold the land[14] for the sum of $140,000 to Leland Stanford, who founded Stanford University in 1891.[15]

Paulin Caperon eventually reacquired legal title to valuable property he had owned in France. "Using his true identity, Caperon and his family returned to Paris in May 1883,[11]" and he spent the rest of his life in France.[3]

• Palo Alto, California
• Leland Stanford
• Battlement
• Rancho Rincon de San Francisquito
• Franco-Prussian War

• The Legend of Frenchman's Tower a 1951 article from the Union Democrat by Evalyn Slack Gist.
• Guide to the Peter Coutts Collection at Stanford University Libraries, California 94304-6064, includes paper letters from Caperon's granddaughter.
• Unpublished papers including : Geoffrey Bilson, "Peter Coutts - 'The Frenchman'"

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Frenchman's Tower.

• Photos at Palo Alto Historical Society
• Elizabeth Traugott's interview with Steve Staiger's in 1997 Palo Alto Online article
• The best of Santa Clara Valley 1997 at Metroactive.
• The mysterious Peter Coutts in a 1998 Palo Alto Online article
• A panorama of graffiti painted on the inside of the tower.
• An Enduring Heritage: Historic Buildings of the San Francisco Peninsula By Dorothy F. Regnery, Page 72