GNRH2

GNRH2
Identifiers
Aliases	GNRH2, GnRH-II, LH-RHII, gonadotropin releasing hormone 2
External IDs	OMIM: 602352 HomoloGene: 128642 GeneCards: GNRH2
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 20 (human)[1]
End	3,045,747 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• hormone activity; • gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone activity; • gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor binding;
Cellular component	• extracellular region; • extracellular;
Biological process	• multicellular organism development; • signal transduction; • regulation of receptor activity; • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway; • reproduction;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	2797
	n/a
	ENSG00000125787
	n/a
	O43555
	n/a
	NM_001310220; NM_001501; NM_178331; NM_178332
	n/a
	NP_001297149; NP_001492; NP_847901; NP_847902
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Progonadoliberin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNRH2 gene.[3][4][5]

The protein encoded by this gene is a preproprotein that is cleaved to form a secreted 10 aa peptide hormone, QHWSHGWYPG.[6] The secreted decapeptide regulates reproduction in females by stimulating the secretion of both luteinizing- and follicle-stimulating hormones. Three transcript variants that encode unique proproteins but the same peptide hormone have been found for this gene.[5] The peptide belongs to gonadotropin-releasing hormone family.

References

GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000125787 - Ensembl, May 2017
"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
White RB, Eisen JA, Kasten TL, Fernald RD (Feb 1998). "Second gene for gonadotropin-releasing hormone in humans". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 95 (1): 305–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.1.305. PMC 18209. PMID 9419371.
Chen A, Ganor Y, Rahimipour S, Ben-Aroya N, Koch Y, Levite M (Nov 2002). "The neuropeptides GnRH-II and GnRH-I are produced by human T cells and trigger laminin receptor gene expression, adhesion, chemotaxis and homing to specific organs". Nat Med. 8 (12): 1421–6. doi:10.1038/nm801. PMID 12447356.
"Entrez Gene: GNRH2 gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2".
"GNRH2 - Progonadoliberin-2 precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - GNRH2 gene & protein". uniprot. Retrieved 19 January 2019.

Neill JD (2002). "GnRH and GnRH receptor genes in the human genome". Endocrinology. 143 (3): 737–43. doi:10.1210/en.143.3.737. PMID 11861490.
Leung PC, Cheng CK, Zhu XM (2004). "Multi-factorial role of GnRH-I and GnRH-II in the human ovary". Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 202 (1–2): 145–53. doi:10.1016/S0303-7207(03)00076-5. PMID 12770744. S2CID 24945436.
Limonta P, Moretti RM, Marelli MM, Motta M (2004). "The biology of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone: role in the control of tumor growth and progression in humans". Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. 24 (4): 279–95. doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2003.10.003. PMID 14726258. S2CID 33327806.
Bloch B, Gaillard RC, Culler MD, Negro-Vilar A (1992). "Immunohistochemical detection of proluteinizing hormone-releasing hormone peptides in neurons in the human hypothalamus". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 74 (1): 135–8. doi:10.1210/jc.74.1.135. PMID 1727812.
Chen A, Laskar-Levy O, Ben-Aroya N, Koch Y (2001). "Transcriptional regulation of the human GnRH II gene is mediated by a putative cAMP response element". Endocrinology. 142 (8): 3483–92. doi:10.1210/en.142.8.3483. PMID 11459794.
Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, et al. (2002). "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20". Nature. 414 (6866): 865–71. doi:10.1038/414865a. PMID 11780052.
Gründker C, Günthert AR, Millar RP, Emons G (2002). "Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone II (GnRH-II) receptor in human endometrial and ovarian cancer cells and effects of GnRH-II on tumor cell proliferation". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87 (3): 1427–30. doi:10.1210/jc.87.3.1427. PMID 11889221.
Chen A, Zi K, Laskar-Levy O, Koch Y (2002). "The transcription of the hGnRH-I and hGnRH-II genes in human neuronal cells is differentially regulated by estrogen". J. Mol. Neurosci. 18 (1–2): 67–76. doi:10.1385/JMN:18:1-2:65. PMID 11931351. S2CID 289773.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Cheng CK, Hoo RL, Chow BK, Leung PC (2004). "Functional cooperation between multiple regulatory elements in the untranslated exon 1 stimulates the basal transcription of the human GnRH-II gene". Mol. Endocrinol. 17 (7): 1175–91. doi:10.1210/me.2002-0418. PMID 12663744.
Islami D, Bischof P, Chardonnens D (2004). "Possible interactions between leptin, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH-I and II) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)". Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 110 (2): 169–75. doi:10.1016/S0301-2115(03)00185-4. PMID 12969578.
Chou CS, Beristain AG, MacCalman CD, Leung PC (2004). "Cellular localization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) I and GnRH II in first-trimester human placenta and decidua". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89 (3): 1459–66. doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031636. PMID 15001648.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
An BS, Choi JH, Choi KC, Leung PC (2005). "Differential role of progesterone receptor isoforms in the transcriptional regulation of human gonadotropin-releasing hormone I (GnRH I) receptor, GnRH I, and GnRH II". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90 (2): 1106–13. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0318. PMID 15562029.
Tanriverdi F, Gonzalez-Martinez D, Silveira LF, et al. (2005). "Expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone type-I (GnRH-I) and type-II (GnRH-II) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) and regulation of B-lymphoblastoid cell proliferation by GnRH-I and GnRH-II". Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes. 112 (10): 587–94. doi:10.1055/s-2004-830404. PMID 15578334.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000125787 - Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid9419371-3] White RB, Eisen JA, Kasten TL, Fernald RD (Feb 1998). "Second gene for gonadotropin-releasing hormone in humans". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 95 (1): 305–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.1.305. PMC 18209. PMID 9419371.

[pmid12447356-4] Chen A, Ganor Y, Rahimipour S, Ben-Aroya N, Koch Y, Levite M (Nov 2002). "The neuropeptides GnRH-II and GnRH-I are produced by human T cells and trigger laminin receptor gene expression, adhesion, chemotaxis and homing to specific organs". Nat Med. 8 (12): 1421–6. doi:10.1038/nm801. PMID 12447356.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: GNRH2 gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2".

[uniprot-6] "GNRH2 - Progonadoliberin-2 precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - GNRH2 gene & protein". uniprot. Retrieved 19 January 2019.

GNRH2

References

Further reading