Gammatorquevirus

Gammatorquevirus is a genus of viruses in the family Anelloviridae, in group II in the Baltimore classification. It contains 15 species, including the type species Torque teno midi virus 1. The fifteen species all share the same name, numbered 1-15, and for that reason "torque teno midi viruses" (TTMDV) is used interchangeably with Gammatorquevirus.

Gammatorquevirus
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: incertae sedis
Kingdom: incertae sedis
Phylum: incertae sedis
Class: incertae sedis
Order: incertae sedis
Family: Anelloviridae
Genus: Gammatorquevirus
Type species
Torque teno midi virus 1
Species[1]
  • Torque teno midi virus 1
  • Torque teno midi virus 2
  • Torque teno midi virus 3
  • Torque teno midi virus 4
  • Torque teno midi virus 5
  • Torque teno midi virus 6
  • Torque teno midi virus 7
  • Torque teno midi virus 8
  • Torque teno midi virus 9
  • Torque teno midi virus 10
  • Torque teno midi virus 11
  • Torque teno midi virus 12
  • Torque teno midi virus 13
  • Torque teno midi virus 14
  • Torque teno midi virus 15

Discovery

TTMDV, which stands for transfusion transmitted midi virus or torque teno midi virus was first isolated in 2005 from patients with an acute viral infection syndrome.[2]

Because of the circular nature of its DNA genome, TTMDV (which was provisionally named small anellovirus 1) was classified as an anellovirus. Genomic analysis confirmed this classification.[3]

Like other anelloviruses, TTMDV is quite common, even in healthy individuals. It has been found in various bodily fluids, including saliva and nasopharyngeal aspirates.

Genome and capsid

Like other members of its family, TTMDV's genome is a circular single-stranded piece of DNA of a negative polarity. The genome is approximately 3.2 kb in length, which is slightly smaller than that of TTV and slightly larger than that of TTMV. it is a non-enveloped virus with a capsid of about 40 nm in diameter. The capsid possesses T=1 icosahedral symmetry.

The genomes of TTMDV, TTMV, and TTV are similar. The main differences are illustrated by Okamato 2009.[4]

Clinical

The pathogenic effects of TTMDV in humans is not known. However, it has been isolated from diarrhea cases.[5]

References
  1. "Virus Taxonomy: 2018b Release" (html). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  2. Jones, M.S.; Kapoor, A.; Lukashov, V.V.; et al. (2005). "New DNA viruses identified in patients with acute viral infection syndrome". Journal of Virology. 79 (13): 8320–8326. doi:10.1128/JVI.79.13.8230-8236.2005. PMC 1143717. PMID 15956568.
  3. Andreoli, E.; Maggi, F.; Pistello, M.; et al. (2006). "Small anellovirus in hepatitis C patients and healthy controls". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12 (7): 1175–1176. doi:10.3201/eid1207.060234. PMC 3291067. PMID 16848049.
  4. "History of Discoveries and Pathogenicity of TT Viruses." Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 331 (2009): 1-20. Springer Link. Web. 26 April 2015.
  5. Finkbeiner." Ed. Edward C. Holmes. PLoS Pathogens 4.2 (2008): E1000011., Stacy R.; Allred, Adam F.; Tarr, Phillip I.; et al. (2008). Holmes, Edward C. (ed.). "Metagenomic Analysis of Human Diarrhea: Viral Detection and Discovery". PLOS Pathogens. 4 (2): e1000011. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000011. PMC 2290972. PMID 18398449.
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