George August, Count of Nassau-Idstein

George August Samuel of Nassau-Idstein (26 February 1665, in Idstein – 26 October 1721, in Biebrich) was Graf from 1677, and Prince from 1688 until his death, of Nassau-Idstein. He worked mainly in Wiesbaden.

George August, Count of Nassau-Idstein
Born(1665-02-26)26 February 1665
Idstein
Died26 October 1721(1721-10-26) (aged 66)
Biebrich
Noble familyHouse of Nassau
Spouse(s)Henriette Dorothea of Oettingen
FatherJohn, Count of Nassau-Idstein
MotherAnna, Princess of Leiningen-Dagsburg
Coat of arms of George August in Schloss Biebrich.

Life

Georg August was just 12 years old when his father John died in 1677. Two regents took up government: Count John Caspar of Leiningen-Dagsburg and Count John August of Solms. George August studied in Giessen, Strasbourg and Paris, and later in England and Brabant. During his Grand Tour, he visited several European courts; he was particularly impressed by the Palace of Versailles. In 1683, he participated in the defense of Vienna during the siege and battle of Vienna. One year later, he became the reigning count on his 18th birthday. On 4 August 1688, Emperor Leopold I raised him to Prince as a reward for his services at Vienna, and also because he had paid a large sum of money.[1][2]

On 22 November, he married Princess Henriette Dorothea of Oettingen (born: 14 November 1672 in Oettingen in Bayern; died: 23 May 1728 in Wiesbaden) a daughter of Prince Albert Ernest I of Oettingen and Christiane Friederike of Württemberg. They had twelve children, three boys and nine girls. However, two of the girls and all three boys died in early childhood.[3]

The city of Wiesbaden and the whole county of Nassau-Idstein had suffered badly during the Thirty Years' War and again during the plague in 1675. Only a few dozen of the original 1800 inhabitants were still alive.[4] Under George August both experienced an enormous upswing. He initiated a number of construction projects. He completed the residential palace in Idstein, he constructed the Herrengarten park and the Pheasants Park in Wiesbaden, he constructed a French formal garden on thebanks of the Rhine at Biebrich and he remodeled the City Palace at Wiesbaden. A garden house was the only part of the future Biebrich Palace completed during his lifetime.[5]

George died of smallpox in August 1721, as did his two youngest daughters.[6]

Legacy

The Georgenthal manor was named after him; the Henriettenthaler Hof manor was named after his wife.

Issue
  • Frederick Ernest (born: 27 August 1689 in Idstein; died: 21 March 1690 in Idstein), Hereditary Prince of Nassau-Idstein
  • Christine Louise (born: 31 March 1691 in Idstein; died: 13 April 1723 in Aurich), Princess of Nassau-Idstein, married on 23 September 1709 Prince George Albert of East Frisia (born: 8 May 1689; died: 21 October 1734), son of Prince Christian Eberhard of East Frisia and Eberhardine Sophie of Oettingen-Oettingen
  • Charlotte Eberhardine (born: 16 July 1692 in Idstein; died: 6 February 1693 in Idstein), Princess of Nassau-Idstein
  • Henriette Charlotte (born: 9 November 1693 in Idstein; died: 8 April 1734 in Delitzsch), Princess of Nassau-Idstein, married on 4 November 1711 with Duke Maurice Wilhelm of Saxe-Merseburg (born: 5 February 1688 in Merseburg; died: 21 April 1731 in Merseburg)
  • Eleanor Charlotte (born: 28 November 1696 in Idstein; died: 8 December 1696 in Idstein), Princess of Nassau-Idstein
  • Albertine Juliane (born: 29 March 1698 in Idstein; died: 9 October 1722 at Williamthal Castle in Marksuhl near Eisenach), Princess of Nassau-Idstein, married on 14 February 1713 with Duke Wilhelm Heinrich of Saxe-Eisenach (born: 10 November 1691 in Oranjewoud; died: 26 July 1741 at Williamthal Castle near Eisenach, son of Duke John William III of Saxe-Eisenach and Princess Amalia of Nassau-Dietz
  • Auguste Friederike (born: 17 August 1699 in Idstein; died: 8 June 1750 in Kirchheim unter Teck), a Princess of Nassau-Idstein, married 17 August 1723 with Prince Charles August of Nassau-Weilburg (born: 17 September 1685 in Weilburg; died: 9 November 1753 in Weilburg), son of Count John Ernst of Nassau-Weilburg and Countess Maria Polyxena of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hartenburg
  • Johannette Wilhelmine (born: 14 September 1700 in Idstein; died: 2 June 1756 at Brake Castle in Lemgo), Princess of Nassau-Idstein, married on 16 October 1719 with Count Simon Heinrich Adolph of Lippe-Detmold (born: 25 January 1694 in Detmold, died: 12 October 1734 in Detmold), son of Count Frederick Adolph of Lippe-Detmold and Johanna Elisabeth of Nassau-Dillenburg-Schaumburg
  • Frederick August (born: 30 April 1702 in Idstein, died: 30 January 1703 in Idstein), Hereditary Prince of Nassau-Idstein
  • William Samuel (born February 14, 1704 in Idstein, † May 4, 1704 in Idstein), Hereditary Prince of Nassau-Idstein
  • Elisabeth Francisca (born: 17 September 1708 in Idstein; died: 7 November 1721 in Idstein), Princess of Nassau-Idstein
  • Charlotte Louise (born: 17 March 1710 in Idstein; died: 4 November 1721 in Biebrich), Princess of Nassau-Idstein[3]

References
  • Ernst Joachim (1878), "Georg August Samuel", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB) (in German), 8, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, p. 683

Footnotes
  1. Gottfried Kiesow: Das verkannte Jahrhundert - Der Historismus am Beispiel Wiesbaden, ISBN 3-936942-53-6, p. 16 ff
  2. Helmut Schoppa: Wiesbaden. Geschichte im Bild von der Römerzeit bis zur Gegenwart, Essen, 1981, ISBN 3-922785-06-9, p. 42 ff
  3. http://tempo.ifrance.com/nidstein1.htm%5B%5D
  4. Baedeker Wiesbaden Rheingau, 2001, ISBN 3-87954-076-4, S. 36
  5. Wiesbaden. Geschichte im Bild, p. 43
  6. Gottfried Kiesow: Architekturführer Wiesbaden. Die Stadt des Historismus, 2006, ISBN 978-3-936942-71-2, p. 303
George August, Count of Nassau-Idstein
Born: 26 February 1665 Died: 26 October 1721
Preceded by
John		 Count of Nassau-Idstein
1677-1721		 Succeeded by
Frederick Louis
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