George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen

George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen (3 October 1637  20 April 1720), was a Lord Chancellor of Scotland.


The Earl of Aberdeen
Lord Chancellor of Scotland
In office
1682–1684
MonarchCharles II
Preceded byThe Duke of Rothes
Succeeded byThe Earl of Perth
Lord President of the Privy Council
In office
1681–1682
MonarchCharles II
Preceded byThe Duke of Lauderdale
Succeeded byThe Marquess of Montrose
Personal details
Born
George Gordon

3 October 1637
Died20 April 1720 (aged 82)
Spouse(s)Anne Lockhart, Countess of Aberdeen
ParentsSir John Gordon, 1st Baronet, of Haddo
Mary Forbes
Alma materUniversity of Aberdeen

Early life

Gordon, born on 3 October 1637, the second son of Sir John Gordon, 1st Baronet, of Haddo, Aberdeenshire, (executed in 1644); [1] and his wife, Mary Forbes.[2] He graduated MA, and was chosen professor at King's College, Aberdeen, in 1658. Subsequently, he travelled and studied civil law abroad.[1]

Career

At the Restoration the sequestration of his father's lands was annulled, and in 1665 he succeeded by the death of his elder brother as the 3rd Baronet Gordon, of Haddo and to the family estates. He returned home in 1667, was admitted advocate in 1668 and gained a high legal reputation. He represented Aberdeenshire in the Parliament of Scotland of 1669 to 1674, the Convention of Estates of 1678 and the following parliamentary assembly of 1681/82. During his first session he strongly opposed the projected union of England and Scotland. In November 1678 he was made a Privy Counsellor for Scotland, and in 1680 was raised to the bench as Lord Haddo. He was a leading member of the Duke of York's administration, was created a Lord of the Articles in June and in November 1681 Lord President of the Privy Council.[1] The same year he is reported as moving in the council for the torture of witnesses.[3]

In 1682 he was made Lord Chancellor of Scotland, and was created, on 13 November, Earl of Aberdeen, Viscount Formartine, and Lord Haddo, Methlick, Tarves and Kellie, in the Scottish peerage, being appointed also Sheriff of Aberdeen and Sheriff of Edinburgh later the same year.[1]

Burnet reflected unfavourably upon him, writing of him, "...a proud and covetous man ... the new chancellor exceeded all that had gone before him.[4]

He executed the laws enforcing religious conformity with severity, and filled the parish churches, but resisted the excessive measures of tyranny prescribed by the English government; and in consequence of an intrigue of the Duke of Queensberry and Lord Perth, who gained the duchess of Portsmouth with a present of £27,000, he was dismissed in 1684.[1]

After his fall he was subjected to various petty prosecutions by his victorious rivals with the view of discovering some act of maladministration on which to found a charge against him, but the investigations only served to strengthen his credit. He took an active part in parliament in 1685 and 1686, but remained a non-juror during the whole of William's reign, being frequently fined for his non-attendance, and took the oaths for the first time after Anne's accession, on 11 May 1703.[1]

In the great affair of the Union in 1707, while protesting against the completion of the treaty till the act declaring the Scots aliens should be repealed, he refused to support the opposition to the measure itself and refrained from attending parliament when the treaty was settled.[1]

He is described by John Mackay as, "...very knowing in the laws and constitution of his country and is believed to be the solidest statesman in Scotland, a fine orator, speaks slow but sure.[1]

His person was said to be deformed, and his want of mine or deportment was alleged as a disqualification for the office of Lord Chancellor.[1]

Family

He married Anne Lockhart, daughter and (eventual) sole heiress of George Lockhart of Tarbrax and Anne Lockhart.[1] They had several children:[5]

  • John Gordon (1673–1675)
  • Hon. George Gordon, Lord Haddo (1674  after 1694), d.v.p.s.p.
  • Lady Anne Gordon (1675–1709), married Alexander Montgomerie, 9th Earl of Eglinton
  • Hon. James Gordon (1676–?), d.v.p.s.p.
  • Lady Jean Gordon (1678–?)
  • William Gordon, 2nd Earl of Aberdeen (1679–30 March 1746)
  • Lady Martha Gordon (1681– ?), married John Udny of Udny in March 1701
  • Lady Mary Gordon (1682–1753), married Alexander Fraser, 13th Lord Saltoun, 26 October 1707
  • Lady Margaret Gordon (d.1738)

His only surviving son, William, succeeded him as 2nd earl of Aberdeen. He died on 20 April 1720, having amassed a large fortune.

Notes

  1. Chisholm 1911, pp. 45–46.
  2. "Mary Forbes Gordon – Find a Grave".
  3. Chisholm 1911, pp. 45–46 cites Sir J. Lauder's Historical Notices (Bannatyne Club, 1848), p. 297.
  4. Chisholm 1911, pp. 45–46 cites Burnet History of His Own Times, p. 523.
  5. Paul 1904, p. 89.

References

Attribution

  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Aberdeen, George Gordon, 1st Earl of". Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 45–46. Endnotes:
    • Letters to George, earl of Aberdeen (with memoir: Spalding Club, 1851);
    • Hist. Account of the Senators of the College of Justice, by G. Brunton and D. Haig (1832), p. 408;
    • G. Crawfurd's Lives of the Officers of State (1726), p. 226;
    • Memoirs of Affairs in Scotland, by Sir G. Mackenzie (1821), p. 148;
    • Sir J. Lauder's (Lord Fountainhall) Journals (Scottish Hist. Society, vol. xxxvi., 1900);
    • J. Mackay's Memoirs (1733), p. 215;
    • A. Lang's Hist. of Scotland, iii. 369, 376.
Parliament of Scotland
Preceded by
George Keith
Alexander Fraser
Shire Commissioner for Aberdeen
1669–1682
With: Adam Urquhart 1669–1674
Sir Alexander Seton 1681–1682
Succeeded by
Sir Alexander Seton
Sir Charles Maitland
Political offices
Preceded by
The Duke of Lauderdale
Lord President of the Privy Council
1681–1682
Succeeded by
The Marquess of Montrose
Preceded by
The Duke of Rothes
Lord Chancellor of Scotland
1682–1684
Succeeded by
The Earl of Perth
Peerage of Scotland
New creation Earl of Aberdeen
1682–1720
Succeeded by
William Gordon
Baronetage of Nova Scotia
Preceded by
John Gordon
Baronet
(of Haddo, Aberdeen)
1665–1720
Succeeded by
William Gordon
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