German Orthographic Conference of 1901

The German Orthographic Conference of 1901 (the Berlin II Orthographic Conference; German: Zweite Orthographische Konferenz or II. Orthographische Konferenz) took place in Berlin from 17th till 19 June 1901. The results of the conference became official in the German Empire in 1902.[1][2][3] The standardized German spelling that resulted from the conference was largely based on the Prussian school spelling, but also on the Orthographic Conference of 1876.

The conference results removed numerous existing variant forms. Soon after the conference, its results were criticized by people who believed there should be further changes.

The spelling was used in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, apart from the replacement of ß with ss in Switzerland in later years. The Erziehungsrat des Kantons Zürich stopped the teaching of ß in schools in 1935 with the Kanton Zürich being the first to do so, and the Neue Zürcher Zeitung as last Swiss newspaper stopped using ß in 1974. However, some Swiss book publishers still use ß.[4][5]

It was not until 95 years later that the German spelling was changed with a reform in 1996.

References
  1. Peter von Polenz: Deutsche Sprachgeschichte vom Spätmittelalter bis zur Gegenwart – Band III – 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Walter de Gruyter, 1999, p. 240
  2. Wolfgang Kopke: Rechtschreibreform und Verfassungsrecht. J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck) Tübingen, 1995, p. 28
  3. Edited by Werner Besch, Anne Betten, Oskar Reichmann, Stefan Sonderegger: Sprachgeschichte: Ein Handbuch zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und ihrer Erforschung – 2., vollständig neu bearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage – 3. Teilband (Hanbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft, Band 2.3), Walter de Gruyter, 2003, p. 2495 (chapter "Geschichte der Interpunktionssysteme im Deutschen").
  4. Ulrich Ammon: Die deutsche Sprache in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Das Problem der nationalen Varietäten. Walter de Gruyter, 1995, p. 254
  5. Edited by Gerhard Helbig, Lutz Götze, Gert Henrici, Hans-Jürgen Krumm: Deutsch als Fremdsprache. Ein internationales Handbuch. 1. Halbband. Walter de Gruyter, 2001, p. 496f.


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