Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola

Giacomo[lower-alpha 1] Barozzi[lower-alpha 2] da Vignola (UK: /vɪnˈjlə/ vin-YOH-lə,[1] US: /vnˈ-/ veen-,[2] Italian: [ˈdʒaːkomo baˈrɔttsi da (v)viɲˈɲɔːla]; 1 October 1507  7 July 1573), often simply called Vignola, was one of the great Italian architects of 16th century Mannerism. His two great masterpieces are the Villa Farnese at Caprarola and the Jesuits' Church of the Gesù in Rome. The three architects who spread the Italian Renaissance style throughout Western Europe are Vignola, Serlio and Palladio.

Vignola
Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola
Born
Giacomo[lower-alpha 1] Barozzi[lower-alpha 2] da Vignola

(1507-10-01)1 October 1507
Vignola, Duchy of Ferrara (present-day Italy)
Died7 July 1573(1573-07-07) (aged 65)
Rome, Papal States (present-day Italy)
NationalityItalian
Known forArchitecture, Garden design
Notable work
Villa Farnese
Church of the Gesù
Villa Lante
MovementMannerism
The five orders, engraving from Vignola's Regola delli cinque ordini d'architettura.

Biography

Giacomo Barozzi was born at Vignola, near Modena (Emilia-Romagna).[3]

He began his career as architect in Bologna, supporting himself by painting and making perspective templates for inlay craftsmen. He made a first trip to Rome in 1536 to make measured drawings of Roman temples, with a thought to publish an illustrated Vitruvius. Then François I called him to Fontainebleau, where he spent the years 1541–1543. Here he probably met his fellow Bolognese, the architect Sebastiano Serlio and the painter Primaticcio.

After his return to Italy, he designed the Palazzo Bocchi in Bologna. Later he moved to Rome. Here he worked for Pope Julius III and, after the latter's death, he was taken up by the papal family of the Farnese and worked with Michelangelo, who deeply influenced his style (see Works section for details of his works in this period).

In 1558, he was in Piacenza to revise the designs of Palazzo Farnese, commissioned by Margaret of Austria, wife of the Duke Ottavio Farnese and daughter of Emperor Charles V.

From 1564 Vignola carried on Michelangelo's work at St Peter's Basilica,[3] and constructed the two subordinate domes according to Michelangelo's plans.

Giacomo Barozzi died in Rome in 1573.[3] In 1973 his remains were reburied in the Pantheon, Rome.

Works

Major Architectural Works

Vignola's main works include:

Other Architectural Works

Unbuilt Works

Like many other architects, Vignola submitted his plans for completing the facade of San Petronio, Bologna. Designs by Vignola, in company with Baldassare Peruzzi, Giulio Romano, Andrea Palladio and others furnished material for an exhibition in 2001[5]

Written Works

Le due regole della prospettiva prattica, 1682

His two published books helped formulate the canon of classical architectural style. The earliest, Regola delli cinque ordini d'architettura ["Canon of the five orders of architecture"] (first published in 1562, probably in Rome), presented Vignola's practical system for constructing columns in the five classical orders (Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian and Composite) utilising proportions which Vignola derived from his own measurements of classical Roman monuments.[6] The clarity and ease of use of Vignola's treatise caused it to become in succeeding centuries the most published book in architectural history.[7] Vignola's second treatise, Due regole della prospettiva pratica ["Two rules of practical perspective"], published posthumously with extensive commentary by the mathematician Ignazio Danti (Bologna 1583), favours one-point perspective rather than two-point methods such as the bifocal construction. Vignola presented— without theoretical obscurities— practical applications which could be understood by a prospective patron.[8]

Notes

  1. or Jacopo
  2. or Barocchio

References

  1. "Vignola, Giacomo Barozzi da". Lexico UK Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  2. "Vignola". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  3. Chisholm 1911.
  4. http://www.romaspqr.it/roma/Fontane/Fontane%20Palazzi%20Cortili/fontana_chiesa_ss_domenico_e_sisto.htm Retrieved 3 May 2013
  5. Marzia Faietti and Massimo Medica, 2001. La Basilica incompiuta: Progetti antichi per la facciata di San Petronio (Ferrara: Edisai)
  6. Center for Palladian Studies in America, Inc., Palladio's Literary Predecessors
  7. Vignola, Canon of the Five Orders of Architecture, translated with an introduction by Branko Mitrovic (New York: Acanthus Press, 1999), p. 17. ISBN 0-926494-16-3.
  8. Gietmann 1913.
Palazzo Farnese, Piacenza, inner yard
Attribution

Sources

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