Glioma 261

Glioma 261 (GL261) is a frequently used murine glioma model. It was induced via intracranial injection of methylcholanthrene followed by serial intracranial and subcutaneous transplantations of tumor fragments into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice.[1][2] By the mid-1990s, multiple groups had established a permanent cell line from the tumor.

GL261 tumors resemble ependymoblastomas on histology but show many characteristics of glioblastoma phenotypes. They contain activating mutations of the K-ras as well as mutations of p53, resulting in high expression of c-myc. GL261 tumors also highly express MHC I, explaining their partial immunogenicity and have limited expression of MHC II, B7-1, and B7-2. The tumors are invasive, are not known to be metastatic, and do not spontaneously regress.[3][4]

Other immunocompetent murine models used to study GBM include GL26, CT-2A, SMA-560, and 4C8.[5]

References
  1. Ausman JI, Shapiro WR, Rall DP (Sep 1970). "Studies on the Chemotherapy of Experimental Brain Tumors: Development of an Experimental Model". Cancer Res. 30 (9): 2394–2400. PMID 5475483.
  2. Seligman AM, Shear MJ (1939). "Experimental production of brain tumors in mice with methylcholanthrene". Am J Cancer. 37: 364–395.
  3. Jacobs VL, et al. (Jul 2011). "Current review of in vivo GBM rodent models: emphasis on the CNS-1 tumor model". ASN Neuro. 3 (3): e00063. doi:10.1042/AN20110014. PMC 3153964. PMID 21740400.
  4. Szatmari T, Lumniczky K, Desaknai S, Trajchevski S, Higvegi EJ, Hamada H, Safrany G (Jun 2006). "Detailed characterization of the mouse glioma 261 tumor model for experimental glioblastoma therapy". Cancer Sci. 97 (6): 546–554. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00208.x. PMID 16734735.
  5. Oh T, Fakurnejad S, Sayegh ET, Clark AJ, Ivan ME, Sun MZ, Safaee M, Bloch O, James CD, Parsa AT (Apr 2014). "Immunocompetent murine models for the study of glioblastoma immunotherapy". J Transl Med. 12: 107–112. doi:10.1186/1479-5876-12-107. PMC 4012243. PMID 24779345.


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