Global Network Navigator

In September 1992, O'Reilly & Associates published the Whole Internet User's Guide and Catalog. The company then created an online version using ViolaWWW, a web browser that introduced enhanced HTML features such as formatting, graphics, scripting, and embedded applets,[1] and demonstrated a kiosk version that was deployed briefly at the Computer Literacy Bookshop in late 1992.[2]

In February 1993, the company's CEO, Tim O'Reilly, authorized a four-person "skunkworks" team, led by Dale Dougherty and Lisa Gansky, and began planning for what would become GNN. The website was officially launched in August 1993 at Interop in San Francisco. A press release described GNN as

... a free Internet-based information center that will initially be available as a quarterly. GNN will consist of a regular news service, an online magazine, The Whole Internet Interactive Catalog, and a global marketplace containing information about products and services.[1]

GNN was one of the pioneers of on-line advertising; it had sponsorship links by early 1994.[3] According to Tim O'Reilly, the first advertiser was Heller, Ehrman, White and McAuliffe, a now defunct law firm with a Silicon Valley office.[2][4] (GNN was not, however, the first to do rotating banner ads; that was pioneered by HotWired in October 1994.[5] Nor was GNN the first to do Internet advertising in general, since the email newsletter TidBITS pioneered that in July 1992.[6]) That an online-only "magazine" would support itself by advertising, as GNN planned, was called "remarkable" in a September 1994 review of GNN.[7]

In May 1994, at the First International Conference on the World-Wide Web, GNN was voted the "Best Commercial Site", and was among the top three in three other categories: "Best Overall Sites"; "Most Important Service Concept", and "Best Document Design".[8] The next month, GNN presented its own awards to twelve other websites, as the sponsor of the "Best of the Net" awards at Internet World in San Jose, California. By that time, GNN was being accessed 150,000 times per week, and had more than 30,000 registered users (subscribers).[9] By November the number had risen to 40,000.[10]

By mid-1994, GNN had twelve staff, including sales and marketing, technical, and editorial.[11] By July of that year, GNN had 45 companies as clients, either buying advertising or selling products online at GNN.[12] By year-end, NCSA's "What's New" page, among the most heavily visited web page at the time, was being jointly written by NCSA and GNN,[13] and published on both of their websites.[11] In December, GNN recorded more than 2 million page requests from Web users.[14]

By April 1995, GNN staff had increased to 23.[11] In June 1995, it had more than 400,000 regular viewers, of whom 180,000 were registered subscribers.[14] Advertisers such as MasterCard and Zima paid rates of $110 to $11,000 a week.[15]

Dougherty held the title of publisher for GNN until it was sold to AOL in 1995.[16] Jennifer Niederst was GNN's Art Director and the sole designer for the website.[17] Public relations for GNN and its various initiatives was handled by Niehaus Ryan Haller.

Potential readers were advised that they would need "an Internet connection, a World Wide Web (WWW) browser and a universal resource locator for GNN or a local copy of the GNN 'home page' (which is available via electronic mail)." The website was hosted at NEARNET, a project of Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN) of Cambridge, Massachusetts.[18]

The free service was divided into five parts:

• GNN News
• GNN Magazine
• The Online Whole Internet Catalog
• The GNN Marketplace
• Navigator's Forum

The Online Whole Internet Catalog - a forerunner of internet directory services like Yahoo! - was described in the August 1993 press release that introduced GNN as a place where "... subscribers can not only read about [Internet websites], they can actually connect to them with the click of a button." [1] The catalog was organized into ten sections:

The GNN marketplace included the following sellers:

• Hostelling International (American Youth Hostels)[19]
• Lonely Planet[12]
• Nolo Press[20]

In addition to selling products, GNNDirect provided, in January 1995, an online way for individuals to make donations to the victims of the Kobe earthquake in Japan, via the American Red Cross.[21]