Glossa Ordinaria

The Glossa Ordinaria, which is Latin for "Ordinary [i.e. in a standard form] Gloss", is a collection of biblical commentaries in the form of glosses. The glosses are drawn mostly from the Church Fathers, but the text was arranged by scholars during the twelfth century. The Gloss is called "ordinary" to distinguish it from other gloss commentaries. In origin, it is not a single coherent work, but a collection of independent commentaries which were revised over time. The Glossa ordinaria was a standard reference work into the Early Modern period, although it was supplemented by the Postills attributed to Hugh of St Cher and the commentaries of Nicholas of Lyra.

Composition

Before the 20th century, this Glossa ordinaria was misattributed to Walafrid Strabo.[1] The main impetus for the composition of the gloss came from the school of Anselm of Laon (d. 1117) and his brother Ralph. Another scholar associated with Auxerre, Gilbert the Universal (d. 1134), is sometimes credited with the Gloss on much of the Old Testament, although only the gloss on Lamentations has been firmly attributed to him. The Gloss achieved a more-or-less standard form at Paris in the second half of the twelfth century.

Editions

The Patrologia Latina, volumes 113 and 114, contain a version of the glossa which, as well as being misattributed to Strabo, represents a later manuscript tradition.[2] There is currently available a facsimile of the first printed edition of a glossa, which was published at Strasbourg in 1480/1.[3] There are now modern editions of the following books: Genesis (chps 1-3); Lamentations; Ecclesiastes; Song of Songs[4]

Other works

It is a parallel tradition to the Jewish Mikraot Gedolot.

Many important works would also have their own glossa ordinaria, such as that of Accursius for Justinian's Corpus or that of Johannes Teutonicus Zemeke and Bartholomew of Brescia of Gratian.[5]

References
  1. The misattribution was first shown by Beryl Smalley, The Study of the Bible in the Middle Ages (Oxford, 1941).
  2. Glossa ordinaria.
  3. Biblia latina cum glossa ordinaria: Facsimile reprint of the Editio Princeps, (Adolph Rusch of Strassburg 1480/81), 4 vols., with an intro. by Karlfried Froehlich and Margaret T. Gibson (Turnhout: Brepols, 1992).
  4. See references in 'Further Reading'.
  5. Baldwin, John W., The Scholastic Culture of the Middle Ages, 1000-1300, pp. 72-73 ISBN 0-88133-942-3

Further reading
  • Dove, Mary (1997). Glossa ordinaria in canticum canticorum. CCCM. Turnhout: Brepols. ISBN 9782503047010.
  • Dove, Mary (2004). The glossa ordinaria on the Song of songs. TEAMS Commentary Series. Kalamazoo, MI: Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University. ISBN 1580440843.
  • Gilbert the Universal (2005). Glossa ordinaria in Lamentationes Ieremie prophete. Prothemata et Liber I: A Critical Edition with an Introduction and a Translation. Studia Latina Stockholmiensia 52. Alexander Andrée (ed.). Stockholm: Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis. ISBN 91-7155-069-0.
  • Kostoff-Kaard, Jenny (2015). The Glossa Ordinaria on Ecclesiastes: A Critical Edition with Introduction. University of Toronto: PhD thesis.
  • Hutton Sharp, Alice (2015). In Principio: The Origins of the Glossa ordinaria on Genesis 1-3. University of Toronto: PhD thesis.
  • Matter, E. Ann (1997). "The Church Fathers and the Glossa Ordinaria". In Irena Dorota Backus (ed.). The reception of the church fathers in the West: From the Carolingians to the Maurists. 1. Leiden: Brill. pp. 83–111. ISBN 9004097228.
  • McDermott, Ryan (March 2013). "The Ordinary Gloss on Jonah". PMLA. 128 (2): 424–438. doi:10.1632/pmla.2013.128.2.424. ISSN 0030-8129. Retrieved 2013-11-08.
  • Smith, Lesley (2009). The Glossa Ordinaria: The Making of a Medieval Bible Commentary. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004177857.
  • Smith, Lesley (1996). Medieval exegesis in translation: commentaries on the book of Ruth. TEAMS commentary series. Kalamazoo, MI: Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University. ISBN 1879288680.
  • Woodward, Michael S. (2011). The Glossa ordinaria on Romans. TEAMS commentary series. Kalamazoo, MI: Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University. ISBN 9781580441094.
  • Litteral, John (editor) and Van Der Pas, Sarah (translator) (2014). The Glossa Ordinaria, Epistles of St. John. Ancient Bible Commentaries in English. Litteral's Christian Library Publications. ISBN 9781500626280.
  • Van Der Pas, Sarah (2015). The Glossa Ordinaria on Revelation: an English Translation. Consolamini Commentary Series. ISBN 978-0692538333.
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