Go Grrrls

Go Grrrls is a gender-specific intervention curriculum for early adolescent girls that tries to promote a positive transition to adulthood.[1][2] It is a social skills building and psychoeducational program administered in a group setting—targeted towards girls in their early teens.[3][4] When compared to a control group using a self-reported evaluation, the program has shown a positive effect on girls' self-efficacy, body image and assertiveness.[5][6][7] A pilot program was launched in 1995 and a final version was published in 1999. It is administered by a team of two or more co-facilitators.[4][8] The program was designed by Craig LeCroy and Janice Daley.[9] LeCroy also published an experimental evaluation of the program.[10][11]

Workbook cover

Program design

The program is partitioned into several sessions of 30-60 minutes length.[12] They are administered over a dozen weeks and focused on six topics:[note 1][4][8][13]

  1. "Being a girl": introduction and evaluation, identifying gender roles and challenging societal pressures.
  2. Positive body image and mindset: activities to boost self-image; understanding the effects of self-criticism, depression and eating disorders.
  3. Making and keeping friends: social and life skills, independent critical thinking and developing satisfactory peer relationships.
  4. When it all seems like too much: teach girls when to seek help and how to find resources for help.
  5. Let’s talk about sex: basics of reproduction, sexuality and sexually transmitted diseases, how to refuse unwanted advances, and the effects of drugs and alcohol.
  6. "Planning for the future": teach girls to make goals and work to achieve them.

Criticism

The program has been criticized for lacking "the capacity to measure prevention." According to William Epstein, the program is also unlikely to make an impression on girls because of the didactic nature of its curriculum. He referred to the evaluation done by the LeCroy in 2004 as a "poorly designed study." confirming the need for a more authoritative evaluation.[14]

Notes
  1. Earlier versions were administered in shorter periods of time.[2]

References
  1. Roberts, Albert R. (2003-01-02). Critical Issues In Crime and Justice. SAGE. p. 250. ISBN 9780761926863.
  2. Nuño, Velia L. (2012). Determinants of Early Adolescent Girls' Health (thesis) (PDF). The University of Arizona. pp. 21, 62.
  3. LeCroy, Craig W. (2013-01-31). "Designing and Facilitating Groups with Children". In Franklin, Cynthia; Harris, Mary Beth; Allen-Meares, Paula (eds.). The School Services Sourcebook, Second Edition: A Guide for School-Based Professionals. OUP USA. pp. 611–17. ISBN 9780199861750.
  4. LeCroy, Craig W.; Huggett, Nicole M (2015). "Primary Prevention Using the Go Grrrls Group with Adolescent Females". In Corcoran, Kevin; Roberts, Albert R. (eds.). Social Workers' Desk Reference. Oxford University Press. pp. 780–786. ISBN 9780199329649.
  5. Kelly, Michael S. (2008-04-14). The Domains and Demands of School Social Work Practice: A Guide to Working Effectively with Students, Families and Schools. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 78. ISBN 9780195343304. Go GRRRLS.
  6. Moore, Kristin A.; Bell, Kelly; et al. (2012-06-16). "Improving the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults: Out-of-School Time Programs That Have Significant Positive Impacts". Child Trends: 2, 10, 12. Retrieved 2017-02-20.
  7. Jordan, Judith V. (2012-08-04). "Relational Resilience in Girls". In Goldstein, Sam; Brooks, Robert B. (eds.). Handbook of Resilience in Children. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 82. ISBN 9781461436614.
  8. Kilburn, M. Rebecca, ed. (2014). "Programs That Work, from the Promising Practices Network on Children, Families and Communities" (PDF). RAND Corporation: 208–12.
  9. LeCroy, Craig W.; Daley, Janice (2001-01-01). Empowering Adolescent Girls: Examining the Present and Building Skills for the Future with the Go Grrrls Program. Norton. pp. xi–xv, 1–8. ISBN 9780393703474.
  10. LeCroy, Craig W. (2004-01-01). "Evaluation of an empowerment program for early adolescent girls". Adolescence. 39 (155): 427–441. PMID 15673221.
  11. LeCroy, Craig W. (2004). "Experimental Evaluation of "Go Grrrl" Preventive Intervention for Early Adolescent Girls". Journal of Primary Prevention. 25 (4): 457–473. doi:10.1023/B:JOPP.0000048112.10700.89.
  12. Warner, Stacy; Dixon, Marlene A.; Schumann, Christyn (2009-04-01). "Enhancing Girls' Physical Activity and Self-Image: A Case Study of the GoGirlGo Program" (PDF). Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal. 18 (1): 31. doi:10.1123/wspaj.18.1.28. ISSN 1063-6161.
  13. Mann, Joyce E. (2008-06-02). LeCroy, Craig W. (ed.). Handbook of Prevention and Intervention Programs for Adolescent Girls. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 21–34. ISBN 9780470115237.
  14. Epstein, William M. (2013-01-01). Empowerment as Ceremony. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 9781412851602.
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