GoodRelations

GoodRelations is a Web Ontology Language-compliant ontology for Semantic Web online data, dealing with business-related goods and services.[3] It handles the individual relationships between a buyer, a seller and the products and services offered. In November 2012, it was integrated into the Schema.org ontology.[4]

GoodRelations
Year started2001[1]
Base standardsURI, OWL, RDFa
Related standardsMicroformat, RDFS, N-Triples, Turtle, JSON, JSON-LD, CSV
DomainSemantic Web
LicenseCC-BY-SA 3.0[2]
Abbreviationschema
Websitepurl.org/goodrelations/

Usage

GoodRelations became popular owing to its success in improving search engine results.[5]

By 2009, the ontology's Product concept was being used to describe over a million products and their prices.[6] By 2013, GoodRelations had been adopted by the search engines Yahoo!,[7][8] Google,[7] and Bing.[7] An analysis of online e-commerce data providers at that time found it to be the most prevalent ontology in use.[7] As of mid-2015, GoodRelations had become the de facto ontology for e-commerce,[8][9] and was in widespread use, having been adopted by retailers such as BestBuy.[8]

GoodRelations is additionally used in academic studies of the Semantic Web,[10][11] as a core ontology.[7][9]

Example

A shop, restaurant, or store, and its opening hours, may be specified using GoodRelations as in this example, which also uses vCard and FOAF:[12]

<div xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
     xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
     xmlns:gr="http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#"
     xmlns:vcard="http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#"
     xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#">

  <div about="#store" typeof="gr:Location">
    <div property="gr:name" content="Pizzeria La Mamma"></div>
    <div rel="vcard:adr">
      <div typeof="vcard:Address">
        <div property="vcard:country-name" content="Germany"></div>
        <div property="vcard:locality" content="Munich"></div>
        <div property="vcard:postal-code" content="85577"></div>
        <div property="vcard:street-address" content="1234 Main Street"></div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div property="vcard:tel" content="+33 408 970-6104"></div>
    <div rel="foaf:depiction" resource="http://www.pizza-la-mamma.com/image_or_logo.png">
    </div>
    <div rel="vcard:geo">
      <div>
        <div property="vcard:latitude" content="48.08" datatype="xsd:float"></div>
        <div property="vcard:longitude" content="11.64" datatype="xsd:float"></div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div rel="gr:hasOpeningHoursSpecification">
      <div about="#mon_fri" typeof="gr:OpeningHoursSpecification">
        <div property="gr:opens" content="08:00:00" datatype="xsd:time"></div>
        <div property="gr:closes" content="18:00:00" datatype="xsd:time"></div>
        <div rel="gr:hasOpeningHoursDayOfWeek"
             resource="http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#Friday"></div>
        <div rel="gr:hasOpeningHoursDayOfWeek"
             resource="http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#Thursday"></div>
        <div rel="gr:hasOpeningHoursDayOfWeek"
             resource="http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#Wednesday"></div>
        <div rel="gr:hasOpeningHoursDayOfWeek"
             resource="http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#Tuesday"></div>
        <div rel="gr:hasOpeningHoursDayOfWeek"
             resource="http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#Monday"></div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div rel="gr:hasOpeningHoursSpecification">
      <div about="#sat" typeof="gr:OpeningHoursSpecification">
        <div property="gr:opens" content="08:30:00" datatype="xsd:time"></div>
        <div property="gr:closes" content="14:00:00" datatype="xsd:time"></div>
        <div rel="gr:hasOpeningHoursDayOfWeek"
             resource="http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#Saturday"></div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div rel="foaf:page" resource=""></div>
  </div>
</div>

References

Citations

  1. "History – GoodRelations Wiki". wiki.goodrelations-vocabulary.org.
  2. "GoodRelations Wiki:Copyrights – GoodRelations Wiki". wiki.goodrelations-vocabulary.org.
  3. Antoniou, Harmelen & Hoekstra 2012, p. 176.
  4. Hepp & Hoffner 2014, p. 34.
  5. Antoniou, Harmelen & Hoekstra 2012, pp. 176-177.
  6. Siegel 2009, p. 71.
  7. Ashraf, Jamshaid; Hussain, Omar Khadeer; Hussain, Farookh Khadeer (4 July 2013). "Empirical analysis of domain ontology usage on the Web: eCommerce domain in focus". Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience. 26 (5): 1157–1184. doi:10.1002/cpe.3089. S2CID 44337539. To comprehensively understand the usage patterns of conceptual knowledge, instance data, and ontology co-usability, we considered GoodRelations ontology as the domain ontology and built a dataset by collecting structured data from 211 web-based data sources that have published information using the domain ontology.
  8. Sikos 2015, p. 16.
  9. Svátek, Vojtěch; Dudáš, Marek; Zamazal, Ondřej (October 2016). "Adapting ontologies to best-practice artifacts using transformation patterns: Method, implementation and use cases". Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web. 40: 52–64. doi:10.1016/j.websem.2016.07.002.
  10. Rodríguez-García, Miguel Ángel; Valencia-García, Rafael; García-Sánchez, Francisco; Samper-Zapater, J. Javier (1 March 2014). "Creating a semantically-enhanced cloud services environment through ontology evolution". Future Generation Computer Systems. 32: 295–306. doi:10.1016/j.future.2013.08.003.
  11. Barta, Robert; Feilmayr, Christina; Pröll, Birgit; Grün, Christoph; Werthner, Hannes (3 July 2017). "Covering the semantic space of tourism". Covering the Semantic Space of Tourism: An Approach Based on Modularized Ontologies. ACM. pp. 1:1–1:8. doi:10.1145/1552262.1552263. ISBN 9781605585284. S2CID 18590141.
  12. As of this edit, this article uses content from "Quickstart", which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, but not under the GFDL. All relevant terms must be followed.

Sources

  • Sikos, Leslie (2015). Mastering Structured Data on the Semantic Web: From HTML5 Microdata to Linked Open Data. Apress. ISBN 978-1-484-21049-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Antoniou, Grigoris; Harmelen, Frank van; Hoekstra, Rinke (2012). A Semantic Web Primer. MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-01828-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Hepp, Martin; Hoffner, Yigal (2014). E-Commerce and Web Technologies: 15th International Conference, EC-Web 2014, Munich, Germany, September 1–4, 2014, Proceedings. ISBN 978-3-319-10491-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Siegel, David (2009). Pull: The Power of the Semantic Web to Transform Your Business. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-101-16303-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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