Grace Onyango
Grace Monica Akech Onyango (born 26 June 1924), popularly known as Nya'Bungu (Daughter of the Bush) is a retired Kenyan politician. She holds several firsts in post-independence Kenyan politics, as the first female to climb up the ranks of the political system, defying cultural barriers. She was the first Kenyan female mayor, after she replaced Mathias Ondiek as the Kisumu Mayor in 1965.[1] She was also the first female Member of Parliament in post-independence Kenya after she was elected to represent Kisumu Town Constituency in 1969. In Parliament, Grace Onyango was the first woman to sit on the speaker's chair as temporary deputy speaker, and served as Deputy Speaker from 1979 to 1984. Her political career ended after she lost her parliamentary seat in 1984.
Grace Onyango | |
|---|---|
| Mayor of Kisumu | |
| In office 1 April 1965 – 1969 | |
| Preceded by | Mathias P. Ondiek |
| Constituency | Member of Parliament Kisumu |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 26 June 1924 Gobei, Nyanza Province, Kenya Colony |
| Nationality | Kenyan |
| Political party | Kenya People’s Union (KPU) Kenya African National Union (KANU) |
| Spouse(s) | Onyango Baridi |
| Children | Paul Ramogi Lynn Akwacha, Jean, Josephine Migadde, Mary, Xandae Grand children=Kayla Okal,Josephine Onyango,Paul Onyango |
Onyango also served as the first female secretary-general of the Luo Union.[2]
Early life and education
Born in Sakwa, in Nyanza Province,[2] as the second of nine children, Grace Onyango went to Ng'iya Girls School. She then joined Vihiga Teachers Training College from where she graduated in 1955. She was posted back to her high school, Ng'iya Girls, as a teacher. Three years later, she was recalled to Vihiga Teachers Training College to work as a trainer.[3]
She married a teacher and journalist, Onyango Baridi, who died in 1969, leaving her with six children.[3] She has 17 grandchildren and 11 great-grandchildren.
Political career
Grace Onyango elected councillor of Kaloleni Ward in Kisumu. After the death of Kisumu Mayor Mathias Ondiek in 1965, she joined the race to replace him. There were originally two other women in the race but they both dropped out "because of the hostile environment and abuses from male competitors." That left Grace as the only female candidate in a field with six opponents, all male. She was elected mayor of the city of Kisumu in 1965.[2][4]
As Mayor, Grace Onyango fought for women's place in leadership and politics. She launched a policy where, if a serving male employee of the council died, his wife or a female relative would be employed to replace him. She advocated for this policy even at the top level, attending official functions with Phililia Olang, her predecessor's wife.[5] She also Africanised Kisumu Town streets, naming them for key political leaders such as Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, Paul Mbuya, and Milton Obote.
In 1969, she ran for the Kisumu Town constituency parliamentary seat. All her opponents were male, and had significantly more financial resources than her. Her supporters coined the campaign slogan "Kura kwa Mama, Chakula kwa Khan" [Votes to Mama, Feeding at Khan's] meaning they would vote for her despite taking Remhat Khan's, her main challenger, money.
She defeated Khan in the elections, marking the first time in post-independence politics that a woman had won a parliamentary seat. Asked by a journalist if she would not be 'lost' being the only woman in Parliament, she retorted ""I have always worked fearlessly along with men. And how do you expect me to feel afraid working with them this time?”
Parliamentary career
Of her career as a parliamentarian, Grace Onyango told The Standard in July 2018 that she "...was the minority in Parliament, standing up against 158 male MPs. But I dominated the debates". In one instance in November 1970, she asked Minister of State Mbiyu Koinange why the state had arrested a witchdoctor known as "Kajiwe" for oathing people at the Coast, but had not arrested those who organised oathing in Central Province the year before.
In 1975, Grace Onyango was a member of the committee tasked with investigating the assassination of Josiah Mwangi Kariuki. When the committee chair, Elijah Mwangale tabled the report, she pointed out that it had been doctored at State House, by Jomo Kenyatta himself prior to publication.[2] She and another Member of Parliament, Martin Shikuku, had hidden a copy of the original report in Room 7 in Parliament. The original report contained the names of Mbiyu Koinange and Wanyoike Thungu, Jomo Kenyatta's aide and enforcer.
She also successfully lobbied for the abolishment of bicycle taxes. In her decade and a half in Parliament, a few other women were elected to the House. They included Dr. Phoebe Asiyo and Chelagat Mutai.
She lost her parliamentary seat in 1983 to Robert Ouko, who would be assassinated less than a decade later.
References
- Mbenywe, Mactilda. "Grace Onyango: I stood against 158 male MPs and beat them all in debate". The Standard. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
- By EMMAN OMARI [email protected]. "Kenyas first Iron Lady of politics - Daily Nation". Nation.co.ke. Retrieved 2 October 2017.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Reporter, Nairobian. "The Immortals: Grace Onyango - The first woman MP in post-independent Kenya". Standard Digital News. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
- Kathleen E. Sheldon (2005). Historical Dictionary of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5331-7.
- "The Immortals: Grace Onyango - The first woman MP in post-independent Kenya". Standard-The Nairobian.