Grammia incorrupta

Grammia incorrupta
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Superfamily:	Noctuoidea
Family:	Erebidae
Subfamily:	Arctiinae
Genus:	Grammia
Species:	G. incorrupta
Binomial name
	Grammia incorrupta; (H. Edwards, 1881)
Synonyms
	Arctia incorrupta H. Edwards, 1881; Arctia nevadensis var. sulphurica Neumoegen, 1885; Arctia ochracea Neumoegen, 1883 (preocc. Stretch, 1872); Grammia geneura;

Grammia incorrupta is an arctiine moth in the family Erebidae,[1] described by Henry Edwards in 1881. It is found from southern Colorado and south-eastern Kansas south through Arizona, New Mexico and western Texas into Mexico and west to south-eastern California. The habitat consists of grasslands and open woodlands.

The length of the forewings is about 18.6 mm. The hindwings are pink to yellowish pink. There are two generations per year with adults on wing from late April to early October.[2]

The larvae feed on a wide range of herbaceous, flowering plants, including Fallugia paradoxa.[3][4]

Recent research[5] has shown that the larvae of Grammia incorrupta consume alkaloid-laden leaves that help fight off internal parasitic fly larvae. This phenomenon is said to be "the first clear demonstration of self-medication among insects".

References

Schmidt, B. Christian (2008). "Widespread decoupling of mtDNA variation and species integrity in Grammia tiger moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". Systematic Entomology. 33: 613–634. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00433.x.
Schmidt, B.C. (2009). "Taxonomic revision of the genus Grammia Rambur (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Arctiinae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 156: 507–597. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00496.x.
BugGuide
Singer, M. (2001). "How foraging tactics determine host-plant use by a polyphagous caterpillar". Oecologia. 129: 98–105. doi:10.1007/s004420100707.
Singer, MS; Mace, KC; Bernays, EA (2009). "Self-Medication as Adaptive Plasticity: Increased Ingestion of Plant Toxins by Parasitized Caterpillars". PLoS ONE. 4: e4796. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004796. PMC 2652102. PMID 19274098.

Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul. "Search results Family: Arctiidae". Butterflies and Moths of the World. Natural History Museum, London.

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[1] Schmidt, B. Christian (2008). "Widespread decoupling of mtDNA variation and species integrity in Grammia tiger moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". Systematic Entomology. 33: 613–634. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00433.x.

[2] Schmidt, B.C. (2009). "Taxonomic revision of the genus Grammia Rambur (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Arctiinae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 156: 507–597. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00496.x.

[3] BugGuide

[4] Singer, M. (2001). "How foraging tactics determine host-plant use by a polyphagous caterpillar". Oecologia. 129: 98–105. doi:10.1007/s004420100707.

[5] Singer, MS; Mace, KC; Bernays, EA (2009). "Self-Medication as Adaptive Plasticity: Increased Ingestion of Plant Toxins by Parasitized Caterpillars". PLoS ONE. 4: e4796. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004796. PMC 2652102. PMID 19274098.