Grand Masters of the Order of Saint Lazarus

The Grand Master of the Order of Saint Lazarus was the leader of an order of chivalry that was established by the Holy See in the 12th century. A number of Masters of the order, eventually termed Grand Masters, have been listed by previous historians of the order.

The early history of the Order of Saint Lazarus, as in the case of several other medieval orders, is shrouded in a haze of reality and myth simply because the early historians of the various orders assumed the role of enthusiastic eulogists to the detriment of objective writing. The genealogists even went so far as to try tracing origins to personages and events in the Old Testament.[1] The available early cartulary only confirms some of the individuals in the list.[2]

To complicate it further, historical legacy and contingency is claimed by the modern Order of Saint Lazarus (statuted 1910): see Grand Masters of the Order of Saint Lazarus (statuted 1910).

List of Masters or Grand Masters

The following individuals have been elected as Masters or Grand Masters of the Order of Saint Lazarus, or any of its predecessor titles. Their highest title is shown here:

OrderNameImageTitleDate installedTerm endedTerm of officeCommentsNotes
1Gérard le FondateurMaster of the Order of St John in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem1099112020–21 yearsNo further information about his patronymic origins is known. Founder of the Order of St John. Allegedly was also responsible for the Leprosarium outside the walls of Jerusalem.[2]
2Boyant RogerMaster of the Hospitallers of St Lazarus in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem1120113110–11 yearsServed as Rector of the Hospital of St John in Jerusalem. Allegedly followed Gérard as Master of the Leprosarium, while Raymond de Puy assumed the Mastership of the Hospitallers of St John.
3Jeancirca 1131circa 115321–22 yearsNo further information about his patronymic origins is known.
4Barthélémy or Bartholomeocirca 1153circa 11540–1 yearsNo further information about his patronymic origins is known. He is mentioned in the cartulary of the Order published by de Marsy in 1883.
5Hitier or Hectorcirca 1154circa 11550–1 yearsNo further information about his patronymic origins is known. He is mentioned in the cartulary of the Order published by de Marsy in 1883.
6Hughes de Saint-Paulcirca 1155circa 11571–2 yearsNo further information about his patronymic origins is known. He is mentioned in the cartulary of the Order published by de Marsy in 1883.
7Raymond du PuyMaster of the Hospitallers of St John in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem115711591–2 yearsHe allegedly further assumed the Mastership of the Leprosarium in Jerusalem at the end of his life.
8Rainier or Lambertuscirca 1164circa 11683–4 yearsNo further information about his patronymic origins is known. He is mentioned in the cartulary of the Order published by de Marsy in 1883.[2]
9Raymondcirca 1168circa 11690–1 yearsNo further information about his patronymic origins is known. He is mentioned in the cartulary of the Order published by de Marsy in 1883.
10Gérard de Montclarcirca 1169118515–16 yearsHe is mentioned in the cartulary of the Order.[3]
11Bernard118511860–1 yearsNo further information about his patronymic origins is known. He is mentioned in the cartulary of the Order published by de Marsy in 1883.[2]
12Gauthier de Châteauneuf or Walter de Novo Castro122812345–6 yearsServed originally as Master of Burton Lazars in England, before becoming Master General of the Order. He is mentioned in the cartulary of the Order published by de Marsy in 1883.
13Rainaldus de Floriaco or Reynald de Fleury1234125419–20 yearsHe is mentioned in the cartulary of the Order published by de Marsy in 1883.
13aMilescirca 1256126710–11 yearsNot usually listed by authors but a contemporary deed mentions him as being the serving magister of the Order.[3]
14Jean de MeauxPreceptor General of the Hospitallers of St Lazarus in Acre in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalemcirca 126712779–10 yearsHe is titled Preceptor General in a charter dated 1267.[1]
15Thomas de SainvilleMaster General of the Hospitallers of St Lazarus in Acre in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem1277131234–35 yearsHe was responsible for moving the central seat of the Order to Boigny, France before the fall of Acre.
16Sir Adam de VeauMaster General of the Order of the Hospitallers of St Lazarus in Boigny, France1313133016–17 yearsPreviously served as Master of Burton Lazars, England, before becoming Master General of the Order.
17Jean de Paris1332134815–16 years
18Jean de Courazecirca 1349circa 13544–5 years
19Jean le Comtecirca 135513615–6 years
20Jacques de Besnes or Jacques de Baynescirca 138213841–2 years
21Pierre des Ruaux1413145440–41 years
22Guillaume des Marescirca 1454146914–15 years
23Jean le Cornu1469149323–24 years
24François d'AmboiseGrand Master of the Order of the Hospitallers of St Lazarus in Rhodes149315006–7 yearsNephew of Aimery d'Amboise.
25Agnan de Mareul1500151918–19 years
26François de Bourbon, Comte de Saint-PaulCommander of the Order of the Hospitallers of St Lazarus in Boigny, France151915211–2 years
27Claude de Mareul1521155432–33 yearsNephew of Agnan de Mareul.
28Jean de Conti155415572–3 years
29Jean de LévisGrand Master of the Order of the Hospitallers of St Lazarus in Boigny, France155715646–7 yearsKnight of St John. Was confirmed as Grand Master of St Lazarus with the Papal bull Nos igitur.
30Michel de Seure de Lumigny1564157813–14 yearsWas originally a Knight of St John. He resigned his post as Grand Master in 1578 but retained magisterial privileges.
31François de SalviatiVicar General of the Order of the Hospitallers of St Lazarus in Boigny, France1571158614–15 yearsWas originally Knight and Ambassador of St John. Served as Vicar General from 1571 to 1578.
32Michel de Seure de LumignyGrand Master of the Order of the Hospitallers of St Lazarus in Boigny, France158615936–7 yearsResumed the role of Grand Master on the death of François Salviati.
33Aymard de Clermont de ChastesGrand Master of the Order of the Hospitallers of St Lazarus in Boigny, France159315995–6 yearsWas originally a Knight of St John. Served as Marshal of St John and Vice-Admiral of France.
33aHughes Catelan de Castelmorecirca 1603Included by some authors. His appointment is however in doubt.
34Jean-Charles de Gayand de Monterolles159916044–5 yearsNephew of Aymard de Clermont de Chastes. apparently served in a proxy role for his uncle while the latter was in Canada.
35Philibert, Marquis de NérestangGrande Maître de Ordres Royaux, Militaires et Hospitaliers de Notre-Dame du Mont-Carmel et de Saint-Lazare de Jérusalem Réunis160416138–9 yearsGrand Master of St Lazarus and later of the Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, united to it in 1608 by King Henri IV.
36Claude, Marquis de Nérestang1613163925–26 yearsSon of Philibert
37Charles, Marquis de Nérestang163916444–5 yearsSon of Claude
38Charles-Achilles, Marquis de Nérestang1645167327–28 yearsBrother of Charles
39François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de LouvoisVicar General de Ordres Royaux, Militaires et Hospitaliers de Notre-Dame du Mont-Carmel et de Saint-Lazare de Jérusalem Réunis1673169117–18 yearsVicar General of the Order with magisterial privileges.
40Philippe de Courcillon, Marquis de DangeauGrande Maître de Ordres Royaux, Militaires et Hospitaliers de Notre-Dame du Mont-Carmel et de Saint-Lazare de Jérusalem Réunis1691172028–29 years
41Prince Louis de Bourbon, Duc d'Orléans,
Chartres, Valois, Nemours et Montpensier
1720175231–32 years
42Prince Louis de France, Duc de BerryProtector de Ordres Royaux, Militaires et Hospitaliers de Notre-Dame du Mont-Carmel et de Saint-Lazare de Jérusalem Réunis1757177315–16 yearsLater King Louis XVI (serving as Protector from 1774).
43Prince Louis Stanislas Xavier de France,
Comte de Provence, Duc d’Anjou
1773181440–41 yearsLater King Louis XVIII (serving as Protector from 1814-1824). Brother of King Louis XVI.

See also

References

  1. de Sibert, P. E. G. (1771). Histoire des Ordres Royaux, Hospitalliers-Militaires de Notre Dame du Mont-Carmel, et de Saint Lazare de Jerusalem (in French). Paris: Royal Press.
  2. de Marsy, A. (1883). Fragment d'un Cartulaire de l'Ordre de Sauint Lazare en Terre Sancte (in French). vol. 2. Paris: Archives de l'Orient Latin.
  3. Marcombe, D. (2003). Leper Knights: The Order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem in England, 1150-1544. Woodridge: Boydell Press. ISBN 1-84383-067-1.

Bibliography

  • Algrant y Cañete, James J.; Beaugourdon, Jean de St. Vincent de (1983). Armorial of the Military and Hospitaller Order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem. Delft.
  • Savona-Ventura, Charles. (2012). Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem - Grandmasters, Administrators & Protectors. Grand Priory of the Maltese Islands - MHOSLJ, Malta.
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