Grayson Perry

Born into a working-class family, Perry was four years old when his father, Tom, left home after discovering his mother, Jean, was having an affair with a milkman, whom she later married and who Perry has claimed was violent. Subsequently, he spent an unhappy childhood moving between his parents and created a fantasy world based around his teddy in order to cope with his sense of anxiety. He considers that a person’s early experiences are important in shaping their aesthetic and sexuality.[16] Perry describes his first sexual experience at the age of seven when he tied himself up in his pyjamas.[16][17]

Following the encouragement of his art teacher, Perry decided to study art.[17] He did an art foundation course at Braintree College of Further Education from 1978 to 1979. He spent a short period of his school life at King Edward VI Grammar School, Chelmsford (KEGS), but mainly he studied for a BA in fine art at Portsmouth College of Art and Design, graduating in 1982.[18] He had an interest in film and exhibited his first piece of pottery at a New Contemporaries show at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London in 1980. In the months following his graduation he joined The Neo Naturists, a group started by Christine Binnie to revive the "true sixties spirit – which involves living one's life more or less naked and occasionally manifesting it into a performance for which the main theme is body paint".[19] They put on events at galleries and other venues. In this time Perry was living in squats in central London.[20]

When he left for Portsmouth in 1979, his stepfather told him "Don't come back".[21] Perry has been estranged from his mother since the 1990s.[22]

As of 2010 he lives in north London with his wife, the author and psychotherapist Philippa Perry.[23] They have one daughter, Florence, born in 1992.[24][25]

In 2007 Perry curated an exhibition of art by prisoners and ex-offenders entitled Insider Art at the Institute of Contemporary Arts presented by the Koestler Trust, a charity which promotes art as rehabilitation in prisons, young offenders institutions and secure psychiatric units. He described the art works as "raw and all the more powerful for that".[26] In 2011 he returned to the annual Koestler Trust exhibition, this time held at London's Southbank Centre and judged the award winners in Art by Offenders with Will Self and Emma Bridgewater.[27]

In 2015 he was appointed to succeed Kwame Kwei-Armah as chancellor of University of the Arts London.[28][29]

Perry is a keen mountain biker[30] and motorcyclist.

Perry is a supporter of the Labour Party, and has designed works of art to raise funds for the party.[31] In September 2015, Perry endorsed Jeremy Corbyn's campaign in the Labour Party leadership election. Perry said he would back Corbyn as he was "doing something interesting for the political debate." He added: "I think he's gold."[32] In October 2016, he said that Jeremy Corbyn had "no chance of winning an election".[33]

From an early age he liked to dress in women's clothes[17] and in his teens realised that he was a transvestite.[17] At the age of 15 he moved in with his father's family in Chelmsford, where he began to go out dressed as a woman. When he was discovered by his father he said he would stop but his stepmother told everyone about it and a few months later threw him out. He returned to his mother and stepfather at Great Bardfield.

Perry dressed as Claire, promoting a 2017 exhibition

Perry frequently appears in public dressed as a woman, and he has described his female alter-ego, "Claire", variously as "a 19th century reforming matriarch, a middle-England protester for No More Art, an aero-model-maker, or an Eastern European Freedom Fighter",[18][34] and "a fortysomething woman living in a Barratt home, the kind of woman who eats ready meals and can just about sew on a button".[35] In his work Perry includes pictures of himself in women's clothes: for example Mother of All Battles (1996) is a photograph of Claire holding a gun and wearing a dress, in ethnic eastern European style, embroidered with images of war, exhibited at his 2002 Guerrilla Tactics show. One critic has called Perry "The social critic from hell".[18][34]

Perry has designed many of Claire's outfits himself. Also, fashion students at Central Saint Martins art college in London take part in an annual competition to design new dresses for Claire. An exhibition, Making Himself Claire: Grayson Perry's Dresses, was held at the Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool, from November 2017 to February 2018.[36][37]

The Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam mounted a solo exhibition of his work in 2002, Guerrilla Tactics. It was partly for this work that he was awarded the Turner Prize in 2003, the first time it was given to a ceramic artist.[38]

Perry's work refers to several ceramic traditions, including Greek pottery and folk art.[39] He has said, "I like the whole iconography of pottery. It hasn't got any big pretensions to being great public works of art, and no matter how brash a statement I make, on a pot it will always have certain humility ... [F]or me the shape has to be classical invisible: then you've got a base that people can understand".[40] His vessels are made by coiling, a traditional method. Most have a complex surface employing many techniques, including "glazing, incision, embossing, and the use of photographic transfers",[41] which requires several firings. To some he adds sprigs, little relief sculptures stuck to the surface.[18] The high degree of skill required by his ceramics and their complexity distances them from craft pottery.[41] It has been said that these methods are not used for decorative effect but to give meaning.[41] Perry challenges the idea, implicit in the craft tradition, that pottery is merely decorative or utilitarian and cannot express ideas.

In his work Perry reflects upon his upbringing as a boy, his stepfather's anger and the absence of proper guidance about male conduct.[17] Perry's understanding of the roles in his family is portrayed in Using My Family, from 1998, where a teddy bear provides affection, and the contemporaneous The Guardians, which depicts his mother and stepfather.[18][34]

Much of Perry's work contains sexually explicit content. Some of his sexual imagery has been described as "obscene sadomasochistic sex scenes".[41] He also has a reputation for depicting child abuse and yet there are no works depicting sexual child abuse although We've Found the Body of your Child, 2000 hints at emotional child abuse and child neglect. In other work he juxtaposes decorative clichés like flowers with weapons and war. Perry combines various techniques as a "guerrilla tactic", using the approachable medium of pottery to provoke thought.

Perry created the 15 m x 3 m The Walthamstow Tapestry in 2009. The large woven tapestry bears hundreds of brand names surrounding large figures in the stages of life from birth to death.[42][43]

Perry's 2012 TV documentary series All In The Best Possible Taste with Grayson Perry, about class "taste" variables, included him making large tapestries, called The Vanity of Small Differences.[8] Their format was inspired by William Hogarth's A Rake's Progress. Of the tapestries, Perry says,

The Vanity of Small Differences consists of six tapestries that tell the story of Tim Rakewell. Some of the characters, incidents and objects I have included I encountered whilst filming All in the Best Possible Taste. The tapestries tell a story of class mobility. I think nothing has such a strong influence on our aesthetic taste as the social class we grow up in.[44]

The sketches were translated using Adobe Photoshop to design the finished images and the tapestries were woven on a computer controlled loom.[44]

Perry produced a pair of large-scale tapestries for A House for Essex, called The Essex House Tapestries: The Life of Julie Cope in 2015.[45]

A House for Essex ("Julie's House"), a commission for Living Architecture.

In 2015 the external work was completed on a holiday home in Wrabness, Essex,[46] created by Perry working with Fashion Architecture Taste (FAT). It overlooks the River Stour, after a commission from Living Architecture, the charity founded by the philosopher Alain de Botton, and is known as both A House for Essex, and "Julie's House." Known affectionately by locals as the Gingerbread House after a local dog walker out walking her Jack Russells commented that the roof and ornate tiles resembled the traditional Gingerbread House style. The house encapsulates the story of Julie May Cope, a fictional Essex woman,[47] "Born in a flood-struck Canvey Island in 1953 and mown down last year by a curry delivery driver in Colchester".[48] Writing in The Daily Telegraph, Ellis Woodman said, "Sporting a livery of green and white ceramic tiles, telephone-box red joinery and a gold roof, it is not easy to miss. ... Decoration is everywhere: from the external tiles embossed with motifs referencing Julie's rock-chick youth to extravagant tapestries recording her life's full narrative. Perry has contributed ceramic sculptures, modelled on Irish Sheelanagigs, which celebrate her as a kind of latter-day earth mother while the delivery driver's moped has even been repurposed as a chandelier suspended above the double-height living room."[48]

Perry made a variety of artwork used inside the house, depicting Julie Cope's life. He made a series of large-scale tapestries, The Essex House Tapestries: The Life of Julie Cope, which include "A Perfect Match" (2015) and "In Its Familiarity, Golden" (2015), and for the bedrooms, "Julie and Rob" (2013) and "Julie and Dave" (2015). He also wrote an essay, "The Ballad of Julie Cope" (2015) and created a series of black and white woodcuts, Six Snapshots of Julie (2015).[49] The work was shown in an exhibition, Grayson Perry: The Life of Julie Cope, at Firstsite in Colchester, Essex, from January to February 2018.[50]

In 2005, Perry presented a Channel 4 documentary, Why Men Wear Frocks, in which he examined transvestism and masculinity at the start of the 21st century. Perry talked about his own life as a transvestite and the effect it had on him and his family, frankly discussing its difficulties and pleasures. The documentary won a Royal Television Society award for best network production.[51]

He was the subject of a The South Bank Show episode in 2006[52] and the subject of an Imagine documentary broadcast in November 2011.[53]

His three-part series for Channel 4, All In The Best Possible Taste with Grayson Perry, was broadcast in June 2012. The series analysed the ideas of taste held by the different social classes of the UK. Perry explores both male and female culture in each social class and what they buy, in three parts: "Working Class Taste," "Middle Class Taste," and "Upper Class Taste." At the same time, he photographs, then illustrates his experiences and the people, transcribing them into large tapestries, entitled The Vanity of Small Differences.

In 2014, Perry presented a three-part documentary series for Channel 4, Who Are You?, on identity. In it he creates diverse portraits for the National Portrait Gallery, London, of ex-MP Chris Huhne, Rylan Clark-Neal from The X Factor, a Muslim convert and a young transgender man.[54][55]

In 2016, he presented a series exploring masculinity for Channel 4, Grayson Perry: All Man.[56]

In 2018, Perry explored Rites of Passage in a four-part documentary series on Channel 4.[57][58] The documentary series focused on death, marriage, birth, and coming of age as Perry compared the way people in the UK dealt with these themes compared to others around the world. Each episode culminated in Perry helping those in the UK to create ceremonies that were appropriate to their own situations.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Perry presented Grayson's Art Club from his home studio, encouraging viewers to produce and share their own artworks from lockdown.[59]

In 2020 Channel 4 broadcast the series Grayson Perry's Big American Road Trip. Perry crossed the US on a motorbike, exploring its biggest fault lines, from race to class and identity. As America headed for a presidential election, Perry asked how its growing divisions could be overcome.[60]

Other television and radio appearances also include the BBC's Question Time, HARDTalk, Desert Island Discs, Have I Got News for You and QI.

Perry was an arts correspondent for The Times, writing a weekly column until October 2007.[61][62]

Perry gave the 2013 BBC Reith Lectures. In a series of talks titled Playing to the Gallery,[63] he considered the state of art in the 21st century. The individual lectures, titled "Democracy Has Bad Taste", "Beating the Bounds", "Nice Rebellion, Welcome In!" and "I Found Myself in the Art World", were broadcast in October and November 2013 on BBC Radio 4 and the BBC World Service. He expanded the lectures into a book, Playing to the Gallery: Helping Contemporary Art in its Struggle to Be Understood (2014).

He guest edited an issue of New Statesman in 2014, entitled "The Great White Male Issue".[64]

In 2017 Perry gave the inaugural Orwell Lecture in the North for The Orwell Foundation, entitled "I've read all the academic texts on empathy".[65][66]

• Guerrilla Tactics, Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 2002; Barbican Art Gallery, Barbican Centre, London, September–November 2002.[5][67]
• The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh, PA, 2006[8]
• 21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art, Kanazawa, Kanazawa, Japan, 2007[8]
• The Walthamstow Tapestry, Victoria Miro Gallery II, London, 2009. A 15 m x 3 m tapestry.[42][68]
• The Tomb of the Unknown Craftsman, British Museum, London, October 2011 – February 2012.[6][69][70] Artefacts from the museum's collection selected by Perry and 25 new works by him.[71]
• The Vanity of Small Differences, Sunderland Museum and Winter Gardens, Sunderland, UK, June–September 2013;[1] Manchester City Art Gallery, Manchester, UK, October 2013 – January 2014; Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery, UK, Birmingham, February–May 2014; Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool, UK, May–July 2014; Leeds City Art Gallery, Leeds, UK, August–October 2014; Pera Museum, Istanbul, Turkey, May–July 2015; Cer Modern, Ankara, Turkey, September–November 2015; Victoria Art Gallery, Bath, UK, January–April 2016; Herbert Art Gallery, Coventry, UK, April–July 2016; Croome, Worcester, UK, July–September 2016; The Beaney, Canterbury, UK, October–December 2016; Izolyatsia Platform for Cultural Initiatives, Kyiv, Ukraine, February–March 2017; Museum of Contemporary Art Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia, April–May 2017; National Gallery, Pristina, Kosovo, June–June 2017; Art Gallery of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia, July–August 2017; Museum of Contemporary Art of Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia, September–October 2017; National Gallery, Tirana, Albania, November–December 2017. 6 large-scale tapestries, 8 prints and 3 films (All in the Best Possible Taste with Grayson Perry) "which explore the British fascination with taste and class."[8]
• Provincial Punk, Turner Contemporary, Margate, May–September 2015. A survey exhibition, with ceramics, prints, tapestries and short films.[2][72][73]
• Julie Cope's Grand Tour: The Story of a Life by Grayson Perry, a Crafts Council UK touring exhibition:[45] Banbury Museum, Banbury, March–May 2017;[74] New Brewery Arts, Cirencester, May–July 2017.[75] A pair of large-scale tapestries (The Essex House Tapestries: The Life of Julie Cope) made for A House for Essex, and audio recording of Perry's essay "The Ballad of Julie Cope" (2015).[45]
• Grayson Perry: The Most Popular Art Exhibition Ever!, Serpentine Gallery, London, June–September 2017;[7][76] Arnolfini, Bristol, UK, September–December 2017.[77] Included "Leave" and "Remain" pots as well as work inspired by his All Man TV series.
• Grayson Perry: The Pre-Therapy Years, The Holburne Museum, Bath, UK, 24 January–25 May 2020; This was the first exhibition to survey Perry’s earliest forays into the art world, reintroducing the creative works he made between 1982 and 1994. The show was also unusual for the fact that many of the 70 items on display had been crowd-sourced from across the UK, following an appeal to the public in 2018.[78]

• New Contemporaries, Institute of Contemporary Arts, London, 1980.
• New Labour, Saatchi Gallery, 2001.[79]
• 6 tapestries in the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition, Royal Academy of Arts, London, 2013.[80]
• Progress, Foundling Museum, London, June–September 2014. Included Perry's The Vanity of Small Differences tapestry series shown with David Hockney's A Rake's Progress, Yinka Shonibare's Diary of a Victorian Dandy, work from Jessie Brennan and William Hogarth's A Rake's Progress.[81] To mark the 250th anniversary of Hogarth's death.

• Grayson Perry: Portrait of the Artist as a Young Girl. New York City: Vintage, 2007. An autobiography by Perry and Wendy Jones, constructed from taped interviews. ISBN 978-0099485162.
• Cycle of Violence. Atlas, 2012. ISBN 978-1900565615. A graphic novel.
• Playing to the Gallery: Helping Contemporary Art in its Struggle to Be Understood. Particular, 2014. London: Penguin, 2016; ISBN 978-0-141-97961-8. Based on his BBC Radio 4 Reith Lectures. Text with some illustration.
• The Descent of Man. London: Allen Lane, 2016. ISBN 978-0241236277. A discussion of modern masculinity with autobiographical elements.
• Sketchbooks. London: Penguin, 2016. ISBN 978-1846149054. Illustrations of Perry's sketches.

• Unpopular Culture: Grayson Perry Selects from the Arts Council Collection. London: Hayward, 2008. ISBN 9781853322679. Postwar British paintings, sculpture and photography selected from the Arts Council Collection.

• Guerilla Tactics. Rotterdam: NAi Uitgevers; Amsterdam: Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, 2002. ISBN 978-90-5662-250-3. Illustrations of Perry's work with essays by Marjan Boot, Louisa Buck, and Andrew Wilson, and a preface by Rudi Fuchs.
• The Charms of Lincolnshire: 4 February–7 May 2006. Lincoln, UK: The Collection, 2006. ISBN 978-0953923854.
• Grayson Perry. London: Thames & Hudson, 2010. ISBN 978-0-500-28911-2. Edited and with texts by Jacky Klein, and illustrations of about 150 of Perry's works with extensive quoted commentaries by him.
  • Updated and expanded edition. London: Thames & Hudson, 2013. Reprinted, 2016; ISBN 978-0-500-29080-4. With illustrations of 175 of Perry's works.
• The Tomb of the Unknown Craftsman. British Museum, 2011. ISBN 978-0714118208. Published to accompany an exhibition at the British Museum. Illustrations of works by Perry as well as of objects selected by him from the Museum, and an introduction by Perry.
• The Vanity of Small Differences. London: Hayward, 2013. ISBN 978-1853323157. Illustrations of six tapestries by Perry, each with commentary. With essays by Suzanne Moore and Perry.
• Grayson Perry: My Pretty Little Art Career. Sydney: Museum of Contemporary Art Australia, 2016. Published to accompany a retrospective exhibition.
• The Most Popular Art Exhibition Ever!. London: Penguin, 2017. ISBN 978-1846149634. Published to accompany an exhibition. Illustrations of recent work by Perry, with commentary on each and an introduction by him.
• Julie Cope's Grand Tour: The Story of a Life by Grayson Perry: a Crafts Council Touring Exhibition. London: Crafts Council, 2017. ISBN 978-1-903713-52-5. Illustrations of tapestries. With a foreword by Annie Warburton, an introduction by Annabelle Campbell, and essays by Joe Hill, Justine Boussard, and Angela McShane. Published to accompany an exhibition.[82]

• Playing to the Gallery Postcards: Thirty-six Postcards About Art. London: Particular Books, 2015. ISBN 978-1846148712.
• Vanities Notecard Set of 6. Details from the tapestries "The Vanity of Small Differences: Expulsion from Number 8 Eden Close, 2012" and "The Annunciation of the Virgin Deal, 2012." London: Royal Academy of Arts.
• Art Quality Gauge and Gift Shop Notecard Set of 6. London: Royal Academy of Arts.
• The Vanity of Small Differences. London: British Council, 2015. ISBN 978-0863557606.