Great Salinity Anomaly

The Great Salinity Anomaly originally referred to a significant disturbance caused by a major pulse of freshwater input to the Nordic Seas in the late 1960s and early 1970s.[1](Häkkinen. 1999) Since the discovery of this GSA, the term "Great Salinity Anomaly" has been applied to successive occurrences of the same phenomenon, including the Great Salinity Anomaly of the 1980s[2] and the Great Salinity Anomaly of the 1990s.[3]

The recovery time for reversion of such anomalies is typically on the order of several years. (Belkin. 2004) A Great Salinity Anomaly affects sea basins over a wide geographical distance, as seawater moved from one basin to another; this propagation affected numerous far northern sea basins, with the latest arrival being the Norwegian Sea. (Hogan. 2011)

Research

Recent studies (2017) suggest potential subpolar North Atlantic (SPG) convection collapse, resulting in rapid North Atlantic cooling, and assess AMOC slow or shutdown.[4]

References

"How Much Excess Fresh Water Was Added to the North Atlantic in Recent Decades?". Archived from the original on 2011-09-13. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
Belkin Igor M (1998). ""Great Salinity Anomalies" in the North Atlantic". Progress in Oceanography. 41 (1): 1–68. Bibcode:1998PrOce..41....1B. doi:10.1016/S0079-6611(98)00015-9.
"Propagation of the "Great Salinity Anomaly" of the 1990s around the northern North Atlantic".
Sgubin; et al. (2017). "Abrupt cooling over the North Atlantic in modern climate models". Nature Communications. Nature. 8: 14375. doi:10.1038/ncomms14375. PMC 5330854. PMID 28198383.

Sirpa Häkkinen. 1999: A Simulation of Thermohaline Effects of a Great Salinity Anomaly. J. Climate, 12, 1781–1795. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<1781:ASOTEO>2.0.CO;2
C.Michael Hogan. 2011. Norwegian Sea. Eds. P.Saundry & C.J.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment (U.S.) Washington DC
Igor M. Belkin. 2004. Propagation of the "Great Salinity Anomaly" of the 1990s around the northern North Atlantic. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 31, L08306, 4 PP., doi:10.1029/2003GL019334

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[1] "How Much Excess Fresh Water Was Added to the North Atlantic in Recent Decades?". Archived from the original on 2011-09-13. Retrieved 2011-08-07.

[2] Belkin Igor M (1998). ""Great Salinity Anomalies" in the North Atlantic". Progress in Oceanography. 41 (1): 1–68. Bibcode:1998PrOce..41....1B. doi:10.1016/S0079-6611(98)00015-9.

[3] "Propagation of the "Great Salinity Anomaly" of the 1990s around the northern North Atlantic".

[4] Sgubin; et al. (2017). "Abrupt cooling over the North Atlantic in modern climate models". Nature Communications. Nature. 8: 14375. doi:10.1038/ncomms14375. PMC 5330854. PMID 28198383.