Gross rating point

In advertising, a gross rating point (GRP) measures impact.[1] GRPs help answer how often "must someone see it before they can readily recall it" and "how many times" does it take before the desired outcome occurs.[2]

Overview

Gross rating points are a measure of the impact by a campaign using a specific medium or schedule. It quantifies impressions as a percentage of the target population, multiplied by frequency. This percentage may be greater, or in fact much greater, than 100.

Target rating points express the same concept, but with regard to a more narrowly defined target audience.[3][4]

GRPs are used predominantly as a measure of media with high potential exposures or impressions. Nielsen Media Research is an example of a company which uses GRPs.[5]

Purpose

With "today's fragmented media world" the value of GRP is, according to the Advertising Research Foundation's Journal of Advertising Research, even greater than in the pre-Internet era.[6] Since "the required frequency changes with the product and the competitive climate it is in"[2], the purpose of the GRP metric is to measure impressions compared to the number of people in the target for an advertising campaign.[3] GRP values are commonly used by media buyers to compare the advertising strength of components of a media plan.

With "today's fragmented media world" the value of GRP is, according to the Advertising Research Foundation's Journal of Advertising Research, even greater than in the pre-Internet era.[7] For conventional media such as radio and TV, multi-tasking has reduced the value per GRP, and a measure named Persuasion Rating Point (PRP) was proposed in mid 2020.[8]

Construction

"One GRP is one percent of all potential adult television viewers (or in radio, listeners) in a market." If they are exposed to the ad three times, then that is 3 GRPs.[2]

GRPs are simply total impressions related to the size of the target population: They are most directly calculated by summing the ratings of individual ads in a campaign.

Mathematically:

GRPs (%) = 100 * Impressions (#) ÷ Defined population (#)[3]
GRPs (%) = 100 * Reach (%) × Average frequency (#)

Two examples:

  • If an average of 12% of the people view each episode of a television program, and an ad is placed on 5 episodes, then the campaign has 12 × 5 = 60 GRPs.
  • If 50% view three episodes, that's 150 GRPs.

References
  1. Nick Corasaniti (December 3, 2019). "Ad of the Week: When the placement is as important as the ad". The New York Times. an advertising metric that measures impact
  2. Philip H. Dougherty (June 22, 1976). "Advertising". The New York Times.
  3. Farris, Paul W.; Neil T. Bendle; Phillip E. Pfeifer; David J. Reibstein (2010). Marketing Metrics: The Definitive Guide to Measuring Marketing Performance. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 0-13-705829-2. The Marketing Accountability Standards Board (MASB) endorses the definitions, purposes, and constructs of classes of measures that appear in Marketing Metrics as part of its ongoing Common Language in Marketing Project.
  4. American Marketing Association Dictionary. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-11-21. Retrieved 2012-11-29.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link). Retrieved 2013-2-11. The Marketing Accountability Standards Board (MASB) endorses this definition as part of its ongoing Common Language in Marketing Project.
  5. Will CCPA Force Advertisers to Take Media Measurement Into Their Own Hands? Published by Broadcasting + Cable on January 7, 2020, consulted on January 9, 2020
  6. P. Neijens; H. Voorveld (2015). "Cross-Platform Advertising: Current Practices and Issues for the Future: Why the Gross Rating Point Metric Should Thrive in Today's Fragmented Media World". Journal of Advertising Research.
  7. P. Neijens; H. Voorveld (2015). "Cross-Platform Advertising: Current Practices and Issues for the Future: Why the Gross Rating Point Metric Should Thrive in Today's Fragmented Media World" (PDF). Journal of Advertising Research.
  8. F. Findley; K. Johnson; D. Crang (2020-05-26). "Effectiveness and Efficiency of TV's Brand-Building Power: A Historical Review: Why the Persuasion Rating Point (PRP) Is a More Accurate Metric than the GRP". JournalOfAdvertisingResearch.
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