Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase

Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction and is encoded by gene GAMT located on chromosome 19p13.3.[5]

S-adenosyl-L-methionine + guanidinoacetate S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + creatine
GAMT
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesGAMT, CCDS2, HEL-S-20, PIG2, TP53I2, guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase
External IDsOMIM: 601240 MGI: 1098221 HomoloGene: 32089 GeneCards: GAMT
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 19 (human)[1]
Band19p13.3Start1,397,026 bp[1]
End1,401,570 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

2593

14431

Ensembl

ENSG00000130005

ENSMUSG00000020150

UniProt

Q14353

O35969

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_138924
NM_000156

NM_010255
NM_001347119

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000147
NP_620279

NP_001334048
NP_034385

Location (UCSC)Chr 19: 1.4 – 1.4 MbChr 10: 80.26 – 80.26 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse
guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase
Identifiers
EC number2.1.1.2
CAS number9029-75-8
Databases
IntEnzIntEnz view
BRENDABRENDA entry
ExPASyNiceZyme view
KEGGKEGG entry
MetaCycmetabolic pathway
PRIAMprofile
PDB structuresRCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene OntologyAmiGO / QuickGO

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and guanidinoacetate, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and creatine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:N-guanidinoacetate methyltransferase. Other names in common use include GA methylpherase, guanidinoacetate methyltransferase, guanidinoacetate transmethylase, methionine-guanidinoacetic transmethylase, and guanidoacetate methyltransferase. This enzyme participates in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism.

The protein encoded by this gene is a methyltransferase that converts guanidoacetate to creatine, using S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor. Defects in this gene have been implicated in neurologic syndromes and muscular hypotonia, probably due to creatine deficiency and accumulation of guanidinoacetate in the brain of affected individuals. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.[5]

Structural studies

As of late 2007, 7 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1KHH, 1P1B, 1P1C, 1XCJ, 1XCL, 1ZX0, and 2BLN.

See also

References

  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000130005 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020150 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. "Entrez Gene: GAMT guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase".

=Further reading

  • PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase
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