HMS Garland (1748)

HMS Garland was a frigate of the British Royal Navy, launched at Sheerness in 1748. She had an apparently uneventful career in the Royal Navy, not being listed as participating in engagements or battles. She did capture some French and American merchant vessels. Her most important capture in 1782, was that of the privateer Fair American, which had in some two years captured over 40 British vessels. The Navy sold her in 1783 and she became a slave ship, making six full slave trading voyages, and being wrecked as she started for home having delivered the slaves she had gathered on her seventh voyage.

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Garland and Garland (ship).

History
Great Britain
Name: HMS Garland
Ordered: 30 November 1744
Builder: John Poole, Sheerness Dockyard
Laid down: 18 November 1745
Launched: 13 August 1748
Fate: Sold on 2 December 1783
Great Britain
Name: Garland
Acquired: c.1784 by purchase
Fate: Wrecked 24 April 1792
General characteristics [1]
Class and type: Garland-class frigate
Tons burthen: 500,[2] or 508​34⁄94, or 525[3] (bm)
Length:
  • Gundeck:113 ft 0 in (34.4 m)
  • Keel:93 ft 4 in (28.4 m)
Beam: 32 ft 0 in (9.8 m)
Depth of hold: 11 ft 0 in (3.4 m)
Complement:
  • Frigate:160
  • Slaver:50–55
Armament:
  • Gundeck: 20 × 9-pounder guns
  • Fc: 2 × 9-pounder guns
  • QD: 2 × 3-pounder guns

Royal Navy

In her 35 years of serving the Royal Navy, Garland had some 16 captains.

  • Captain William Saltern Willett (16 September 1748 – 17 October 1753): Garland served in the Mediterranean and Channel Islands.
  • Captain Richard Spry (17 October 1753 – 5 June 1754)
  • Captain Marriot Arbuthnot (5 June 1754 – 20 December 1757): On 13 July 1754 Garland sailed to Virginia; she returned to England September–October 1757. Garland reached Hampton Roads on 9 March 1756, with three prizes taken off Hispaniola, one of them valuable.[4] On 28 October 1757, in company with the sloop Jamaica, Garland captured St. Estienne.[5] St. Estienne was a French snow, from St. Domingo, carrying sugar and indigo. The capture took place 200 leagues west of the Lizard.[6] Garland was paid off in October 1757.
  • Captain Christopher Codrington (16 October 1758 – 7 December 1758)
  • Captain John Ruschworth (7 December 1758 – 19 November 1759)
  • Captain Thomas Shirley (19 November 1759 – 14 May 1762): Garland was engaged in cruising and convoying.
  • Captain Lord Francis Reynolds (24 May 1762 – 12 February 1763): Reynolds received promotion to post captain on 12 April and then was posted to Garland for the home station and the coast of France under the command of Admiral Edward Hawe.[7] In August 1762 Garland recaptured two vessels. Prince William, Mitchell, master, had been sailing from South Carolina to London when she was captured. Garland took her into Basque Roads, from where she sailed to Plymouth.[8] After recapturing Polly, Baker, master, which had been sailing from Newfoundland to Teignmouth, Garland sent her into Plymouth.[9] Then in October Garland captured St John Baptist, from Bordeaux for St Domingo, and sent her into Basque Roads.[10] Later Garland may have sailed to Africa, returning at the conclusion of the war. Garland was then paid off.[7]
  • Captain John Reynold (11 April 1763 – 28 April 1763)
  • Captain the Hon. Henry St John (28 April 1763 – 22 February 1768): Garland was based at Halifax, Nova Scotia.
  • Captain Thomas Lynn (11 September 1770 – 9 October 1773): Lynn resigned his command on the grounds of ill health during his term. Captain Judd may have replaced him temporarily.
  • Captain Patrick Fotheringham (9 October 1773 – 8 July 1774): Fotheringham sailed Garland to Jamaica and returned to Spithead in June 1774. She was paid off in July.
  • Captain Richard Pearson (30 March 1776 – 1 March 1779): At one point Garland was stationed in the St Lawrence.
  • Captain John Stanhope (5 March 1779 – 20 June 1780): Garland escorted convoys to and from Newfoundland.
  • Captain Charles Chamberlayne (20 June 1780 – 27 July 1782): On 5 January 1782 Garland captured the privateer Fair American,[11] Then on 12 March Garland captured the Pennsylvania letter of marque Admiral Zoutman, of eight guns, and the brig Surprize.[12]
  • Captain James Cotes (27 July 1782 – 1 December 1782).
  • Captain Richard Callcott (15 December 1782 – 7 October 1783).

Disposal: The Navy sold Garland on 2 December 1783.[1]

Slave trading

Garland first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1786 with J.Gibbons, master, Dawson & Co., owners, and trade Liverpool-Africa. The entry noted that she was the former man-of-war Garland.[2] However, Garland had already started her slave trading before she appeared in LR.

Slave voyage #1 (1784–1785)

Captain James Gibbons sailed from London on 29 January 1784, bound for Angola. Garland acquired her slaves primarily at Cabindo, and secondarily at Malemba. She then sailed to Cuba. She sailed from Cuba on 12 May 1785 and arrived at London on 19 June 1785. She had left Liverpool with 49 crew members and lost eight men on her voyage.[3]

Slave voyage #2 (1785–1786)

Captain Gibbons sailed from Liverpool on 26 July 1785, bound for Bonny. Garland arrived at Caracas on 1 April 1786 and landed 450 slaves. At some point Robert Joy became her captain. She left Caracas on 21 June and arrived back at Liverpool on 27 July. She had left with 44 crew members and lost 14 on the voyage.[13]

Slave voyage #3 (1787)

Captain William Forbes sailed from Liverpool on 20 March 1787, bound for Bonny. She arrived at Havana on 1 October and landed 114 slaves. She then sailed to La Guaira, where she landed 490 slaves. She sailed from La Guaira on 5 November and arrived back at Liverpool on 26 December. She had left with 52 crew members and lost eight on the voyage.[14]

Slave voyage #4 (1788–1789)

Captain Forbes sailed from Liverpool on 15 May 1788 for Bonny. Garland landed the slaves she had acquired in the Spanish Caribbean and arrived back at Liverpool on 2 April 1789. She had left with 55 crew members and lost seven on her voyage.[15]

Slave voyage #5 (1789–1790)

Captain Forbes sailed from Liverpool on 5 May 1789 for Bonny. Garland arrived at St Kitts on 1 October and landed 605 slaves. She arrived back at Liverpool on 20 February 1790. She had left with 50 crew members and lost one crew member on her voyage.[16]

Slave voyage #6 (1790–1791)

Captain William Sherwood sailed from Liverpool on 24 July 1790, bound for Bonny. Garland arrived at Havana on 28 February 1791. She had left with 659 slaves and landed 640. She left on 9 April and arrived back at Liverpool on 8 May. She had left with 54 crew members and lost one man on the voyage.[17]

Slave voyage #7 (1791–1792)

Captain Sherwood sailed from Liverpool on 9 July 1791, bound for Bonny. Garland arrived at Barbados on 5 March 1792 and landed 443 slaves. She had left Liverpool with 54 crew members and lost four on the voyage.[18]

Fate

Lloyd's List reported on 24 April 1792 that Garland, Shirwood, master, had wrecked on Coblers Rock, Barbados. Her crew were saved.[19]

Citations and references

Citations

  1. Winfield (2007), p. 256.
  2. LR (1786), Seq.№G6.
  3. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Garland voyage #81548.
  4. Pennsylvania Gazette, 1 April 1756.
  5. "No. 9810". The London Gazette. 18 July 1758. p. 3.
  6. Lloyd's List (LL) 11 November 1757, №2279.
  7. Charnock (1798), p. 475.
  8. LL 13 August 1762, №2774.
  9. LL 17 August 1762, №2775.
  10. LL 26 October 1762, №2794.
  11. "No. 12290". The London Gazette. 23 April 1782.
  12. "No. 12290". The London Gazette. 23 April 1782. p. 3.
  13. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Garland voyage #81549.
  14. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Garland voyage #81550.
  15. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Garland voyage #81551.
  16. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Garland voyage #81552.
  17. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Garland voyage #81553.
  18. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Garland voyage #81554.
  19. LL 24 April 1792, №2395.

References

  • Charnock, John (1798). Biographia navalis: or, Impartial memoirs of the lives and characters of officers of the navy of Great Britain, from the year 1660 to the present time; drawn from the most authentic sources, and disposed in a chronological arrangement. 6. R. Faulder.
  • Winfield, Rif (2007). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1714–1792: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 978-1844157006.
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