Haplogroup R1b-DF13

R-DF13, which is also known as R-S521, R-Z2542 and R-CTS8221, as well as the phylogenetic name R1b1a2a1a2c1, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup, which is characteristic of a majority of the living male inhabitants of Ireland, Scotland, Wales and Brittany.[2]

Haplogroup R-DF13
Possible time of origin4,200 years BP [1]
Coalescence age4,000 years BP[1]
Possible place of originCentral Europe/
Western Europe
AncestorR-L21
DescendantsR-DF21
R-FGC11134
R-L513
R-FGC5494
R-Z17300
R-BY39001
R-ZZ10 (including: )
  • R-Z253
  • R-Z255/S219

R-Z39589 (including: )

  • R-DF41
  • R-DF49
  • R-L1335
  • R-Z251
  • R-FGC33712
R-L513/S215/DF1
Defining mutationsDF13, CTS241, S521, Z2542, CTS8221
Highest frequenciesIrish
Scottish
Welsh
Bretons

Origin

R-DF13, which originated approximately 4,200 years ago, is a primary subclade of R-L21. It is likely associated with the Bell Beaker culture and, possibly, the Celts.

This haplogroup is found among an absolute majority of the male inhabitants of Ireland, Scotland, Wales and Brittany; is also found at significant levels in England, northern France, and north-west Iberia (Northern Portugal Galicia and Asturias). It is found at lower levels in Belgium and the Netherlands.[3]

DF13 is ancestral to many subclades commonly found in the above areas, including: R-L513/S215/DF1, R-L1335, R-Z253, R-ZZ10, R-Z251, R-Z255/S219, and R-FGC33712/FGC33755.

References
  1. YFull, 2012–20, R-DF13
  2. Y-DNA Haplogroup R and its Subclades - 2018, International Society of Genetic Genealogy
  3. Altena, Eveline; Smeding, Risha; van der Gaag, Kristiaan J.; Larmuseau, Maarten H. D.; Decorte, Ronny; Lao, Oscar; Kayser, Manfred; Kraaijenbrink, Thirsa; de Knijff, Peter (2019). "The Dutch Y-chromosomal landscape". European Journal of Human Genetics. doi:10.1038/s41431-019-0496-0. ISSN 1018-4813. PMID 31488894.
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