Hayashi Hōkō

Hayashi Hōkō (林 鳳岡, January 11, 1644 – July 22, 1732), also known as Hayashi Nobutatsu, was a Japanese Neo-Confucian scholar, teacher and administrator in the system of higher education maintained by the Tokugawa bakufu during the Edo period. He was a member of the Hayashi clan of Confucian scholars.

In this Japanese name, the surname is Hayashi.
Hayashi Hōkō
Hayashi Hōkō, 1st rector of Yushima Seidō
Born1644
Edo
Died1732
Edo
OccupationNeo-Confucian scholar, academic, administrator, writer
SubjectJapanese history, literature
ChildrenHayashi Ryūkō, son
RelativesHayashi Gahō, father
Hayashi Razan, grandfather

Hōkō was the tutor of Tokugawa Tsuneyoshi.[1]

Following in the footsteps of his father, Hayashi Gahō, and his grandfather, Hayashi Razan, Hōkō would be the arbiter of official neo-Confucian doctrine of the Tokugawa shogunate. As a result of his urging, the shōgun invested Confucian scholars as samurai.[1]

Academician

Hōkō was the third Hayashi clan Daigaku-no-kami of the Edo period. After 1691, Hōkō is known as the first official rector of the Shōhei-kō (afterwards known as the Yushima Seidō) which was built on land provided by the shōgun.[1] This institution stood at the apex of the country-wide educational and training system which was created and maintained by the Tokugawa shogunate. Gahō's hereditary title was Daigaku-no-kami, which, in the context of the Tokugawa shogunate hierarchy, effectively translates as "head of the state university.[2]

The scholars of the Hayashi school were taught to apply what they had learned from a Confucian curriculum. Typically, they applied the Confucian texts conservatively, relying on Soong Confucian anlayis and metaphysical teachings.[3]

The neo-Confucianist scholar Arai Hakuseki generally expressed scant regard for opinions expressed by Hayashi Hōkō.[3]

Selected works
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  • Kai hentai (Chinese Metamorphosis), reports of Chinese junks arriving in Nagasaki, 1640–1740.[4]

See also

Notes
  1. Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric et al. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia, p. 300.
  2. De Bary, William et al. (2005). Sources of Japanese Tradition, Vol. 2, p. 443.
  3. Arakai, James et al. (2008). Early Modern Japanese Literature: an Anthology, 1600-1900, p. 378 n12.
  4. Tarling, Nicholas. (1998). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, Vol. 1, p. 161.

References
Flags mark the entrance to the reconstructed Yushima Seidō (Tokyo).
  • Arakai, James T. and Haruo Shirane. (2008). Early Modern Japanese Literature: an Anthology, 1600–1900 (abridged). New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-10990-1/ISBN 978-0-231-10991-8/ISBN 978-0-231-14414-8/ISBN 978-0-231-144155; OCLC 255022419
  • De Bary, William Theodore, Carol Gluck, Arthur E. Tiedemann. (2005). Sources of Japanese Tradition, Vol. 2. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231129848; OCLC 255020415
  • Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 48943301
  • Tarling, Nicholas. (1998). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-77864-0; ISBN 978-0-521-66369-4; ISBN 978-0-521-66370-0; ISBN 978-0-521-66371-7; ISBN 9780521663724; OCLC 43674066
Preceded by
Hayashi Gahō		 1st rector of Yushima Seidō
1691–1732		 Succeeded by
Hayashi Ryūkō


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