Hazel Hill

She was only 13 when she helped her father Frederick to calculate how many guns the new generation of Spitfires and Hurricanes would need to bring down enemy aircraft.[1] The pair used calculating machines, which were rudimentary computers, at the kitchen table of their London home.[2] The new plane was to have four guns that fired 1,200 bullets a minute and many thought that this would be more than enough. Her dad was not so sure. In June and July 1934 they worked at night to create the evidence that her dad's boss needed to underwrite a large change in the design. They realised that 256 bullets would be required in two seconds to bring down an enemy bomber at the increased speeds of the new aircraft and for this eight guns were required.[3]

Hazel's son Robin, said he thinks his mother enjoyed maths because she was partially dyslexic and had trouble with spelling. This led to some teachers thinking she was being naughty as she was obviously intelligent. "I think when she did mathematics, she had none of these problems, which is why it appealed to her so much," Robin said.[3]

The RAF publicly acknowledged Hazel's important role in a BBC documentary.[4] Group Captain James Beldon said: "What a great inspiration to young people today, and young girls in particular, who can look upon someone like Hazel in the 1930s making such an important contribution to our later success in the Battle of Britain, which was vital to this country's survival."

After school, Hazel studied medicine at a university in London and joined the Royal Army Medical Corps after graduating in 1943. At the end of the war, she became a GP and in 1948 married Chris Baker, who was one of the soldiers she had treated in the war. The couple moved to Wednesbury, West Midlands, where Hazel got a job setting up a child health clinic in the newly formed National Health Service. She later trained as a psychiatrist and published research into school phobia, anorexia and autism. Hazel has four sons: Robin, Richard, Frank and Ted. She died, aged 90, in 2010.[4][5]