Hotep

Hotep (ḥtp; also rendered hetep[1]) is an Egyptian word that roughly translates as "to be satisfied, at peace". The word also refers to an "offering" ritually presented to a deity or a dead person, hence "be pleased, be gracious, be at peace". It is rendered in hieroglyphs as an altar/offering table (Gardiner sign R4). The noun ḥtp.w means "peace, contentment".[2] Davies (2018) interprets the concept of ḥtp as "the result of action in accord with maat [the proper order of the universe]".[3]


ḥtp
in hieroglyphs
Hotep offering table

The so-called offering formula begins with ḥtp-dj-nsw "an offering given by the king".[4]

Egyptian ḥtp became Coptic ϩⲁⲧⲡ/ϩⲟⲧⲡ hatp/hotp "be content" and ϩⲱⲧⲡ hōtp "be reconciled".[5][6]

Hotep as part of ancient Egyptian names, such as Hotepsekhemwy (ḥr ḥtp-sḫm.wj "the two powers are at peace"), the first ruler of Egypt's Second Dynasty.[7]

In personal names

Pharaohs
Other

References

  1. See Egyptological pronunciation. Davies (2018) uses hetep throughout.
  2. Faulkner, William (1991). Middle Egyptian. Griffith. ISBN 0-900416-32-7.:
    p 179 htp = "altar, offering, boon which the king grants, be pleased, be happy, be gracious, pardon, be at peace, be peaceful, become calm"; p 180 "rest, satisfy, make content, htpw peace, contentment, good pleasure, make peace, htpt peace, contentment. To put to rest disputes, and settle the complaints of petitioners be peaceful, calm, make peace".
  3. Davies, Vanessa (2018). Peace in Ancient Egypt. Harvard Egyptological Series. Brill. p. 2. ISBN 978-90-04-38021-9. (p. 86, and passim).
  4. Gardiner, Alan. (1957). Egyptian Grammar, Third Edition, p. 170. Griffith Institute, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. ISBN 0-900416-35-1.
  5. "Coptic Dictionary Online". coptic-dictionary.org. Retrieved 2017-03-16.
  6. Allen, James P. (2013-07-11). The Ancient Egyptian Language: An Historical Study. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107032460.
  7. "Egyptian kings - Hotepsekhemwy, Hetepsekhemwy, Bedjau, Boethos". nemo.nu.
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