IPCC list of greenhouse gases

This is a list of long-lived, well-mixed greenhouse gases, along with their atmospheric concentrations and direct radiative forcings, as identified by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This list excludes short-lived gases (e.g. ozone, carbon monoxide, NOx) and aerosols (e.g. mineral dust, black carbon) that vary more strongly over location and time. The large influences from water vapor and the complex dynamics of clouds are likewise not included here.[1]

The concentrations of these long-lived gases are regularly measured by atmospheric scientists from samples that are collected throughout the world.[2][3][4] Consequently since about 1980, the annual forcing contributions of the most influential gases can be estimated with high accuracy using IPCC-recommended expressions derived from radiative transfer models.[5]

Combined Summary from IPCC Assessment Reports (TAR, AR4, AR5)

Mole fractions: μmol/mol = ppm = parts per million (106); nmol/mol = ppb = parts per billion (109); pmol/mol = ppt = parts per trillion (1012).

Species Lifetime
(years)

[6]:731
100-yr
GWP

[6]:731
Concentration [ppt] Radiative forcing [W m−2]
Base
1750
TAR[7]
1998
AR4[8]
2005
AR5[6]:678
2011
AR6[9]
201x
TAR[7]
1998
AR4[8]
2005
AR5[6]:678
2011
AR6[9]
201x
CO2 [ppm]*12783653793911.461.661.82
CH4 [ppb]12.4287001,7451,7741,8010.480.480.48
N2O [ppb]1212652703143193240.150.160.17
CFC-11454,66002682512380.070.0630.062
CFC-1210010,20005335385280.170.170.17
CFC-1364013,90004-2.70.001-0.0007
CFC-113856,49008479740.030.0240.022
CFC-1141907,710015--0.005--
CFC-1151,0205,86007-8.370.001-0.0017
HCFC-2211.95,28001321692130.030.0330.0447
HCFC-141b9.22,5500101821.40.0010.00250.0034
HCFC-142b17.25,0200111521.20.0020.00310.0040
CH3CCl35160069196.320.0040.00110.0004
CCl4261,73001029385.80.010.0120.0146
HFC-2322212,40001418240.0020.00330.0043
HFC-325.26770--4.92--0.0005
HFC-12528.23,1700-3.79.58-0.00090.0022
HFC-134a13.41,30007.53562.70.0010.00550.0100
HFC-143a47.14,8000--12.0--0.0019
HFC-152a1.513800.53.96.40.0000.00040.0006
CF4 (PFC-14)50,0006,630408074790.0030.00340.0040
C2F6 (PFC-116)10,00011,100032.94.160.0010.00080.0010
SF63,20023,50004.25.67.280.0020.00290.0041
SO2F2364,0900--1.71--0.0003
NF350016,1000--0.9--0.0002

(*) The IPCC states that "no single atmospheric lifetime can be given" for CO2.[6]:731 This is mostly due to the rapid growth and cumulative magnitude of the disturbances to Earth's carbon cycle by the geologic extraction and burning of fossil carbon.[10] As of year 2014, fossil CO2 emitted as a theoretical 10 to 100 GtC pulse on top of the existing atmospheric concentration was expected to be 50% removed by land vegetation and ocean sinks in less than about a century, as based on the projections of coupled models referenced in the AR5 assessment.[11] A substantial fraction (20-35%) was also projected to remain in the atmosphere for centuries to millennia, where fractional persistence increases with pulse size.[12][13]

Gases from IPCC Fourth Assessment Report

The following table has its sources in Chapter 2, p. 141, Table 2.1. of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Climate Change 2007 (AR4), Working Group 1 Report, The Physical Science Basis.[8]

Mole fractions and their changes Radiative forcing
Species2005Change since 19982005 (W m−2)1998 (%)
CO2379 ± 0.65 μmol/mol+13 μmol/mol1.66+13
CH41,774 ± 1.8 nmol/mol+11 nmol/mol0.48
N2O319 ± 0.12 nmol/mol+5 nmol/mol0.16+11
CFC-11251 ± 0.36 pmol/mol−130.063−5
CFC-12538 ± 0.18 pmol/mol+40.17+1
CFC-11379 ± 0.064 pmol/mol−40.024−5
HCFC-22169 ± 1.0 pmol/mol+380.033+29
HCFC-141b18 ± 0.068 pmol/mol+90.0025+93
HCFC-142b15 ± 0.13 pmol/mol+60.0031+57
CH3CCl319 ± 0.47 pmol/mol−470.0011−72
CCl493 ± 0.17 pmol/mol−70.012−7
HFC-1253.7 ± 0.10 pmol/mol+2.60.0009+234
HFC-134a35 ± 0.73 pmol/mol+270.0055+349
HFC-152a3.9 ± 0.11 pmol/mol+2.40.0004+151
HFC-2318 ± 0.12 pmol/mol+40.0033+29
SF65.6 ± 0.038 pmol/mol+1.50.0029+36
CF4 (PFC-14)74 ± 1.6 pmol/mol0.0034
C2F6 (PFC-116)2.9 ± 0.025 pmol/mol+0.50.0008+22

Gases from IPCC Third Assessment Report

The following table has its sources in Chapter 6, p. 358, Table 6.1. of the IPCC Third Assessment Report, Climate Change 2001 (TAR), Working Group 1, The Scientific Basis.[7]

Gases relevant to radiative forcing only

Gas Alternate name Formula 1998 level Increase since 1750 Radiative forcing (Wm−2) Specific heat at STP
(J kg−1)
Carbon dioxideCarbonic anhydride(CO2)365 μmol/mol87 μmol/mol1.460.819
Carbon monoxideCarbonic oxide(CO)11.1 μmol/mol46 nmol/mol0.891.013
MethaneMarsh gas(CH4)1,745 nmol/mol1,045 nmol/mol0.482.191
Nitrous oxideLaughing gas(N2O)314 nmol/mol44 nmol/mol0.150.88
TetrafluoromethaneCarbon tetrafluoride(CF4)80 pmol/mol40 pmol/mol0.0031.33
HexafluoroethanePerfluoroethane(C2F6)3 pmol/mol3 pmol/mol0.0010.067
Sulfur hexafluorideSulfur fluoride(SF6)4.2 pmol/mol4.2 pmol/mol0.0020.074
HFC-23*Trifluoromethane(CHF3)14 pmol/mol14 pmol/mol0.0020.064
HFC-134a*1,1,1,2-TetrafluoroethaneC2H2F47.5 pmol/mol7.5 pmol/mol0.0010.007
HFC-152a*1,1-Difluoroethane(C2H4F2)0.5 pmol/mol0.5 pmol/mol0.0000.04

Gases relevant to radiative forcing and ozone depletion

Gas Alternate name Formula 1998 level Increase since 1750 Radiative forcing
(Wm−2)
CFC-11§Trichlorofluoromethane(CFCl3)268 pmol/mol268 pmol/mol0.07
CFC-12§Dichlorodifluoromethane(CF2Cl2)533 pmol/mol533 pmol/mol0.17
CFC-13§Chlorotrifluoromethane(CClF3)4 pmol/mol4 pmol/mol0.001
CFC-1131,1,1-Trichlorotrifluoroethane(C2F3Cl3)84 pmol/mol84 pmol/mol0.03
CFC-1141,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane(C2F4Cl2)15 pmol/mol15 pmol/mol0.005
CFC-115Chloropentafluoroethane(C2F5Cl)7 pmol/mol7 pmol/mol0.001
Carbon tetrachlorideTetrachloromethane(CCl4)102 pmol/mol102 pmol/mol0.01
1,1,1-TrichloroethaneMethyl chloroform(CH3CCl3)69 pmol/mol69 pmol/mol0.004
HCFC-141b1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane(C2H3FCl2)10 pmol/mol10 pmol/mol0.001
HCFC-142b1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane(C2H3F2Cl)11 pmol/mol11 pmol/mol0.002
Halon-1211Bromochlorodifluoromethane(CClF2Br)3.8 pmol/mol3.8 pmol/mol0.001
Halon-1301Bromotrifluoromethane(CF3Br)2.5 pmol/mol2.5 pmol/mol0.001

References

  1. AR5 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis.
  2. "Global Monitoring Laboratory". NOAA Earth System Research Laboratories. Retrieved 2020-12-11.
  3. "World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases". World Meteorological Organization Global Atmosphere Watch Programme and Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 2020-12-11.
  4. "Advanced Global Atmospheric Gas Experiment". Massachusettes Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2020-12-11.
  5. Butler J. and Montzka S. (2020). "The NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI)". NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory/Earth System Research Laboratories.
  6. "Chapter 8". AR5 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis.
  7. "Chapter 6". TAR Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. p. 358.
  8. "Chapter 2". AR4 Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. p. 141.
  9. The IPCC and the Sixth Assessment cycle (PDF) AR6 publication scheduled in 2022
  10. Friedlingstein, P., Jones, M., O'Sullivan, M., Andrew, R., Hauck, J., Peters, G., Peters, W., Pongratz, J., Sitch, S., Le Quéré, C. and 66 others (2019) "Global carbon budget 2019". Earth System Science Data, 11(4): 1783–1838. doi:10.5194/essd-11-1783-2019
  11. "Figure 8.SM.4" (PDF). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fifth Assessment Report. p. 8SM-16.
  12. Archer, David (2009). "Atmospheric lifetime of fossil fuel carbon dioxide". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 37 (1): 117–34. Bibcode:2009AREPS..37..117A. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.031208.100206.
  13. Joos, F., Roth, R., Fuglestvedt, J.D.; et al. (2013). "Carbon dioxide and climate impulse response functions for the computation of greenhouse gas metrics: A multi-model analysis". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 13 (5): 2793–2825. doi:10.5194/acpd-12-19799-2012.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

(Source: IPCC radiative forcing report 1994 updated (to 1998) by IPCC TAR table 6.1 . See also .

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