Iris spuria subsp. demetrii

Iris spuria subsp. demetrii is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus series known as Iris subg. Limniris and in the series Iris ser. Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria, a rhizomatous perennial plant, from the Caucasus region, with blue-violet flowers. It is commonly known as Dimitry iris in Russia. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris spuria subsp. demetrii
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Species:
I. spuria
Subspecies:
I. s. subsp. demetrii
Trinomial name
Iris spuria subsp. demetrii
(Achv. and Mirzoeva) B.Mathew
Synonyms [1]
  • Chamaeiris prilipkoana (Kem.-Nath.) M.B.Crespo
  • Iris demetrii Achv. & Mirzoeva
  • Iris prilipkoana Kem.-Nath.
  • Xyridion demetrii (Achv. & Mirzoeva) Rodion.

Description

The iris is very similar in form to Iris notha, another spuria Iris from the Caucasus region.[2][3] Both dislike wet soils.[3]

It has a rhizome which has not been generally described.

It has stiff, dark green leaves that can grow up to between 60–90 cm (24–35 in) long.[3][4] They are narrower than Iris spuria subsp. carthaliniae,[3] (10–18 mm wide).

It has a stiff stem,[5] that can grow up to between 60–90 cm (24–35 in) long.[6][7][8]

It has dark green, compact, slightly inflated, spathes (leaves of the flower bud).[3][5]

The stems hold between 2–5 terminal (top of stem) flowers,[3][4] in late spring.[7]

The flowers come in shades of blue,[5] from dark blue,[3] to blue-violet.[6][9][10]

It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'.[11] The narrow falls have blade that is the shorter than the claw (section of petal closest to the stem).[3][10] The petals are veined with darker colours or white.[2][6][9]

The capsules and seeds produced by the plant after flowering, have not been generally described.

Biochemistry

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[11] It has a chromosome count: 2n=38.[9][12][13]

It was counted as 2n=38, by O.I. Zakharyeva and L.M. Makushenko in 1969.[13]

Taxonomy

It is commonly known as Dimitry iris in Russia.[14][15][16]

It is known as Iris Demetriou in Czechoslovakia.[2]

It is unknown what the Latin specific epithet demetrii refers to, but an insect (beetle) Chioneosoma demetrii, also shares the same epithet.[17]

It was originally published and described by Agazi Asaturovich Achverdov and Nina Vasilevna Mirzoeva as Iris demetrii in Transactions of Bot. Inst. Acad. Sci. Armenia SSR (Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk Armyansk) Vol. 7 page 27, in 1950.[4][18] It was named in 1950 (identical to Iris prilipkoana but not officially described).[3] Iris prilipkoana was later classified as a synonym of Iris spuria subsp. demetrii.[1]

Later, in 1981 Brian Mathew re-classified the species as a subspecies of Iris spuria, and published it as Iris spuria subsp. demetrii (Fomin ) B.Mathew, in (his book The Iris on page 117 in 1981.[19][20]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 9 January 2003 and then updated on 1 March 2007.[21]

Iris spuria subsp. demetrii is a tentatively accepted name by the RHS.[22]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to temperate regions of Asia.[21]

Range

It is found in the Transcaucasia regions,[9][12][23] of Armenia,[9][21][23] and Azerbaijan.[15][24][25]

In Armenia, it is found in Zangezur.[24]

Habitat

Similar to Iris notha it grows on dry slopes,[5] on the foothills and mountains of Azerbaijan,[3][6] and Armenia.[5]

It has been found at altitudes of 2000 m above sea level.[24]

Conservation

Due to the wide distribution of the species within Armenia, has helped protect the plants survive various threats, including being picked for flower bouquets.[23]

It was listed in the 1st edition of the Red Data Book of Armenia, under Iris prilipkoana (a synonym of Iris spuria subsp. demetrii) as 'Near Threatened' (NT).[12][23][25] It was also listed in the Azerbaijan Red Data Book.[15]

It is not included in the Annexes of CITES and the Bern Convention.[23]

Cultivation

It prefers to grow in rich, well-drained soil.[3][8] Including clay soils.[3] It dislikes wet soils.[3]

It also prefers positions in full sun or part shade.[7]

It can be susceptible to mustard-seed fungus.[3]

Hybrids and cultivars

Due to its habit of liking dry soils, it is of interest to iris plant breeders.[5]

References
  1. "Iris spuria subsp. demetrii (Achv. & Mirzoeva) B.Mathew is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2013. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  2. Blazek, Milan. "Iris spuria and related species – the importance of culture". ibotky.cz. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  3. British Iris Society (1997) A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation, p. 187, at Google Books
  4. Cassidy, George E.; Linnegar, Sidney (1987). Growing Irises (Revised ed.). Bromley: Christopher Helm. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-88192-089-5.
  5. "Spuria iris". flowerlib.ru. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  6. "Spurius Irises, History, Groups And Types, Cultivation And Maintenance". liveinternet.ru. 20 January 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  7. "Perennials – Iris" (PDF). rbg.ca. 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  8. "Chapter II iris clump and other (part3)". irisbotanique.over-blog.com. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
  9. "Iris summary" (PDF). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  10. "Irises KSIRIDION (Spur) ( IRIS ) Sem. Kasatikovye". flower.onego.ru. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  11. Austin, Claire (2005). Irises: A Gardener's Encyclopedia. Timber Press, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0881927306. OL 8176432M.}
  12. Walker, Ken (13 April 2014). "Iris spuria subsp. demetrii". signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America). Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  13. "CCDB → Angiosperms → Iridaceae → Iris → Iris demetrii Achv. & Mirzoeva". ccdb.tau.ac.il. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  14. "8. Prospects of Hybridization Siberian and Spur Iris". rfc-online.ru. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  15. "The Red Book (2nd edition) has been included in the list of plant and fungal species". eco.gov.az. Archived from the original on 7 March 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  16. "Iris". phart.ru. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  17. Ivan Löbl and Daniel Löbl (editors) Scarabaeoidea – Scirtoidea – Dascilloidea – Buprestoidea – Byrrhoidea ..., p. 259, at Google Books
  18. "Iridaceae Iris demetrii Achv. & Mirzoeva". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  19. "Iridaceae Iris spuria L. subsp. demetrii (Achv. & Mirzoeva) B.Mathew". ipni.org. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  20. Franco, Alain (5 December 2013). "(SPEC) Iris spuria subspecies demetrii (Achv. & Mirzoeva) B.Mathew Iris 117 (1981)". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  21. "Iris spuria subsp. demetrii". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  22. "Search the RHS Horticultural Database". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  23. "Iris demetrii Achv. & Mirzoeva". mnp.am. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  24. "Iris prilipkoana Kem.-Nath. (Family Iridaceae ) Prilipko Iris (Iris Dmitry)". plantarium.ru. 3 July 2010. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  25. "The Red Book of plants of Armenia, para. 2". vahemart.livejournal.com. Retrieved 4 March 2015.

Sources
  • Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR). [as I. prilipkoana Kem.-Nath.]
  • Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 117.
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