Isabella of Beirut

Isabella of Ibelin (1252–1282) was lady of Beirut from 1264 until her death in 1282, and also held the title of Queen of Cyprus. She was the daughter of John II of Beirut, lord of Beirut, and of Alice de la Roche sur Ognon.

Isabella
Coat-of-arms of Ibelin.
Lady of Beirut
Reign1264 – 1282
PredecessorJohn II of Beirut
SuccessorEschiva of Beirut
Born1252
Died1282
Noble familyHouse of Ibelin
Spouse(s)Hugh II of Cyprus
Hamo le Strange
Nicholas Aleman
William Barlais
FatherJohn II of Beirut
MotherAlice de la Roche

Life

As a great-granddaughter of the powerful Crusader noble John of Ibelin, she was a member of the influential Ibelin family. Upon her father's death, she inherited the Ibelin family palace in Beirut, and the leadership of the fief. It was part of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, but had an independent treaty from 1261 with Baibars, leader of the Muslim Mamluks.[1][2]

In 1265, the young Isabella was betrothed to the young Hugh II, king of Cyprus (1252–1267), but he died before the marriage was consummated.[3][4] She then ruled independently, and as Lady of Beirut had friendly relations with the Mamluks, negotiating her own new 10-year truce[5] with Baibars on May 9, 1269.[2][6] She had an affair with the impetuous Julian of Sidon (d. 1275), and her "notorious lack of chastity"[7] (possibly) prompted the official letter Audi filia et from Pope Clement IV, urging her to marry.[8] In 1272, at the age of 20, she married Haymo Létrange (the Foreigner),[9] a wealthy lord from the Welsh Marches who may have been a companion of Prince Edward. The marriage was short though, as Haymo died in 1273. While on his deathbed, he put Isabelle and Beirut under the unusual protection of Baibars, the Muslim sultan.[10] King Hugh III of Cyprus wanted to use Isabella's status as a wealthy heiress to choose a new husband for her, to attract another distinguished knight to the fight in the Holy Land. Hugh forcibly took Isabella to Cyprus to arrange a new marriage, leaving her mother Alice de la Roche as regent of Beirut. Isabella resisted and received the support of both Baibars and the Knights Templar.[11][12] The matter was brought to the Jerusalem High Court, and became a political dispute during the Crusades as to who had lordship over the Lady of Beirut, the Crusader king or the Muslim sultan.[13] The High Court ruled in favor of Baibars, and Mamluk guards were assigned to Isabella's protection. After Baibars' death in 1277, Isabella married twice more, to Nicolas l'Alleman, lord of Caesarea, and then to William Barlais (d. 1304).[1]

Isabella never had any children, and upon her death in 1282 at the age of 30, the lordship of Beirut passed to her younger sister Eschive of Ibelin (1253–1312).[14]

Ancestry

References
  1. Tyerman, Christopher. God's War. pp. 728–729.
  2. Nicolle, David (2001). The Crusades. Osprey Publishing. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-84176-179-4.
  3. Runciman, Steven (1951). A history of the Crusades (1st ed.). Cambridge [Eng.]: Cambridge University Press. p. 329.
  4. Edbury, Peter W. (1993). The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades, 1191-1374. Cambridge University Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-0-521-45837-5.
  5. In Arabic, Isabel was sometimes referred to as Zabin
  6. Holt, Peter Malcolm (1995). "The treaty of Al-Zahir Baybars with the Lady Isabel of Beirut: 667/1269". Early Mamluk diplomacy, 1260-1290: treaties of Baybars and Qalāwūn with Christian rulers. BRILL. p. 42–47. ISBN 978-90-04-10246-0.
  7. Runciman. p. 342.
  8. Hill. p. 157.
  9. Sometimes also spelled Hamo L'Estrange, Raymond l'Etranger, and variants
  10. Richard, Jean (1999). The Crusades, c. 1071-c. 1291. New York NY: Cambridge University Press. p. 445. ISBN 978-0-521-62369-8.
  11. Runciman. pp. 330, 342.
  12. Hill, George (2010). A History of Cyprus. Cambridge University Press. pp. 170–171. ISBN 978-1-108-02063-3.
  13. Edbury. p. 91.
  14. Edbury. p. 96.

Further reading
  • Lignages d'Outremer, Le Vaticanus Latinus 4789, CCC.XXXIII, pp. 90, 98, 104
  • Rüdt-Collenberg, W. H. (1979) 'Les Ibelins aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles, Généalogie compilée principalement selon les registres du Vatican', Epeteris tou Kentrou Epistemonikon Ereunon IX, 1977-1979 (Nicosia), reprinted in Familles de l'Orient latin XIIe-XIVe siècles (Variorum Reprints, London, 1983)
  • Rüdt-Collenberg, W. H. ´Les dispenses matrimoniales accordées à l´Orient Latin selon les Registres du Vatican 1283-1385´, Mélanges de l'École française de Rome. Moyen-Age, Temps modernes, Tome 89, no. 1, (1977)
  • Ibn el-Furat in Reinaud, Chron. arabes, p. 532. Cp. Muhyi e-Din in Michaud, Bibliogr. des Croisades, II (1822), p. 685.
Regnal titles
Preceded by
John II		 Lady of Beirut
1264–1282
with Hugh II of Cyprus (1265–1267)
Haymo Létrange (1272–1273)
Nicolas l'Alleman (1276–1277)
William Barlais (1278–1282)		 Succeeded by
Eschive d'Ibelin and Humphrey of Montfort
Royal titles
Preceded by
Plaisance of Antioch		 Queen consort of Cyprus
1265–1267		 Succeeded by
Isabella of Ibelin
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