J/Z (New York City Subway service)

The J Nassau Street Local and Z Nassau Street Express[2] are two rapid transit services in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Their route emblems, or "bullets", are colored brown since they use the BMT Nassau Street Line in Lower Manhattan.[3]

Nassau Street Local
Nassau Street Express
A J train of R179s approaching Flushing Avenue
A Z train of R160s entering Kosciuszko Street
Northern endJamaica Center–Parsons/Archer
Southern endBroad Street
Stations30 (J service)
21 (Z service)
20 (J skip-stop service)
Rolling stock80 to 88 R160s (10 to 11 trains)
72 R179s (9 trains)[1]
(Rolling stock assignments subject to change)
DepotEast New York Yard
Started service1893 (1893) (predecessor)
November 1967 (1967-11) (present-day J service)
December 11, 1988 (1988-12-11) (present-day Z service)
Route map
Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer
​ J  ​ Z   E 
 Sutphin Boulevard–Archer Avenue–JFK
Manhattan via Queens Boulevard
rush hour skip-stop service
J serves all stations other times
Z
 121st Street
J
 111th Street
Z
 104th Street
J
Z
 Woodhaven Boulevard
J
 85th Street–Forest Parkway
Z
 75th Street–Elderts Lane
Queens
Brooklyn
J
 Cypress Hills
J
Z
 Crescent Street
Z
 Norwood Avenue
J
 Cleveland Street
Z
 Van Siclen Avenue
J
Z
 Alabama Avenue
no regular service via Canarsie
J
Z
 Broadway Junction
Z
 Chauncey Street
J
 Halsey Street
Z
 Gates Avenue
J
 Kosciuszko Street
rush hour skip-stop service
J serves all stations other times
Middle Village via Myrtle Avenue
rush hour peak direction express
 Myrtle Avenue–Broadway
 Flushing Avenue
 Lorimer Street
 Hewes Street
rush hour peak direction express
 Marcy Avenue
Brooklyn
Manhattan
 Essex Street
 M  (weekends)
Uptown & Queens via 6th Avenue
 Bowery
 Canal Street
 Chambers Street
 Fulton Street
 Broad Street
 J  ​ Z 
no regular service via Montague Tunnel
Legend
 Lines used by the and
Other services sharing tracks with the and
Unused lines, connections, or service patterns
 J 
 Termini of services
 Cross-platform interchange
 Platforms on different levels

The J operates at all times while the Z, operating internally as its rush-hour variant,[4] runs with six trips in each peak direction on weekdays; both services run through the entirety of the BMT Archer Avenue and Jamaica lines, via the Williamsburg Bridge, and the Nassau Street Line between Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer in Jamaica, Queens, and Broad Street in Lower Manhattan. When the Z operates, the two services form a skip-stop pair between Sutphin Boulevard–JFK and Myrtle Avenue-Broadway. In addition during rush hours and middays in the peak direction, they run express in Brooklyn between Myrtle Avenue-Broadway and Marcy Avenue, bypassing three stations. At all other times, only the J operates, serving every station on its entire route.

The current J/Z descends from several routes, including the JJ/15 between Lower Manhattan and 168th Street in Queens; the KK between 57th Street/Sixth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan and 168th Street in Queens; the QJ between 168th Street in Queens and Brighton Beach in Brooklyn; and the 14 between Lower Manhattan and Canarsie–Rockaway Parkway in Brooklyn. The current skip-stop pattern was implemented in 1988.

History

Before the Chrystie Street Connection

The Jamaica Line – then known as the Broadway Elevated – was one of the original elevated lines in Brooklyn, completed in 1893 from Cypress Hills west to Broadway Ferry in Williamsburg.[5] It was then a two-track line, with a single local service between the two ends, and a second east of Gates Avenue, where the Lexington Avenue Elevated merged.[6] This second service later became the 12, and was eliminated on October 13, 1950, with the abandonment of the Lexington Avenue Elevated.[7]

The second major service on the Broadway Elevated ran between Canarsie and Williamsburg via the BMT Canarsie Line, started on July 30, 1906, when the Broadway and Canarsie tracks were connected at East New York.[8] As part of the Dual Contracts, an extension from Cypress Hills east to Jamaica was completed on July 3, 1918,[9] a third track was added west of East New York, and express trains began running on it in 1922.

The Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation numbered its services in 1924, and the Canarsie and Jamaica services became 14 and 15. Both ran express during rush hours in the peak direction west of East New York. Express trains would only stop at Myrtle Avenue, Essex Street and Canal Street, before making local stops afterwards. Additional 14 trains, between Eastern Parkway or Atlantic Avenue on the Canarsie Line and Manhattan provided rush-hour local service on Broadway.[10] When the 14th Street–Eastern Line and Canarsie Line were connected on July 14, 1928,[11] the old Canarsie Line service was renamed the Broadway (Brooklyn) Line, providing only weekday local service over the Broadway Elevated west of Eastern Parkway. The Atlantic Avenue trips remained, and rush-hour trains continued to serve Rockaway Parkway (Canarsie), though they did not use the Broadway express tracks.[12] The 14 was later cut back to only rush-hour service.

On the Manhattan end, the first extension was made on September 16, 1908, when the Williamsburg Bridge subway tracks opened.[13] Broadway and Canarsie trains were extended to the new Essex Street terminal, and further to Chambers Street when the line was extended on August 4, 1913.[14] When the BMT Nassau Street Line was completed on May 30, 1931, the 15 was extended to Broad Street,[15][16] and the 14 was truncated to Canal Street.[12] Some 14 trains began terminating at Crescent Street on the Jamaica Line in 1956.

A brochure describing the introduction of A/B skip-stop service on the No. 14 and No. 15 services of the BMT Jamaica Line on June 18, 1959

Manhattan-bound rush hour skip-stop service between Jamaica and East New York was implemented on June 18, 1959, with trains leaving 168th Street on weekdays between 7 AM and 8:30 AM.[17] Express 15 trains served "A" stations, while the morning 14 became the Jamaica Local, running between Jamaica and Canal Street, and stopped at stations marked "B".[18] Express 15 trains continued to run express between Eastern Parkway and Canal Street, making only stops at Myrtle Avenue, Essex Street, and Canal Street.[17] These stations were as follows:[19]

Letters were assigned to most BMT services in the early 1960s. The BMT Jamaica services retained their numbers until November 1967. The 15 became the QJ[20] (express), and the 14 became the JJ.[21]

Chrystie Street Connection to 1976
 
JJ

Jamaica 

When the Chrystie Street Connection opened on November 26, 1967, many services were changed. The two local services - the JJ (non-rush hours) and KK (rush hours) - were combined as the JJ, but without any major routing changes. Thus non-rush hour JJ trains ran between Jamaica and Broad Street, while morning rush hour JJ trains ran to Canal Street, and afternoon rush hour JJ trains ran between Canal Street and Atlantic Avenue or Crescent Street. The rush-hour express J was combined with the weekday QT Brighton Local via tunnel to form the weekday QJ, running between Jamaica and Brighton Beach via the Jamaica Line (express during rush hours in the peak direction), BMT Nassau Street Line, Montague Street Tunnel, and BMT Brighton Line (local). Finally, the RJ was a special peak-direction rush-hour service, running fully local on the Jamaica Line, Nassau Street Line, Montague Street Tunnel, and BMT Fourth Avenue Line to 95th Street in Fort Hamilton. This was an extension of a former rush-hour RR service, and thus ran towards Jamaica in the morning and towards Fort Hamilton in the afternoon.[22]

KK A New Service Brochure Map

The next change was made on July 1, 1968, when the Chrystie Street Connection tracks to the Williamsburg Bridge opened. The Jamaica Line portion of the rush-hour JJ was modified to become a new rush-hour KK, running between Jamaica (peak direction) or Eastern Parkway (both directions) and the new 57th Street station on the IND Sixth Avenue Line in Manhattan. The MM (depicted with a dark green bullet on R27 signage) was a proposed alternative to the KK as a local to 57th Street/6th Avenue, which finally opened on July 1, 1968.[23] The RJ was eliminated, being cut back to an RR variant, and the off-hour JJ was relabeled QJ (but not extended to Brighton Beach). At the same time, the existing skip-stop service was extended to afternoon Jamaica-bound trains, with those QJ trains running express west of Eastern Parkway and serving "A" stations east to Jamaica, and those KK trains serving "B" stations. Less than two months later, on August 18, the QJ was extended to Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue.[24][25] On July 14, 1969, afternoon skip-stop service on the KK and QJ was discontinued.[26]

On January 2, 1973, the QJ, which was the longest route in the transit system, was cut back to Broad Street and redesignated the J; and the M was extended to Coney Island in its place. At the same time, the KK was cut back to Eastern Parkway from 168th Street and renamed the K,[27][28] and both skip-stop patterns were carried out by alternate J trains. Eventually, the K was discontinued entirely on August 30, 1976,[29] eliminating the J skip-stop and express service east of Myrtle Avenue in the PM rush hour. Skip-stop service was retained toward Manhattan during the AM rush hour. One-way express service remained west of Myrtle Avenue, for the M was switched to the local tracks at that time.[30]

The following table summarizes the changes that were made between 1959 and 1976.

Morning rush-hour local Morning rush-hour express Afternoon rush-hour local Afternoon rush-hour express Other local Other service
1959–67 14/KK 168th Street - Canal Street, "B" stops inbound 15/J 168th Street - Broad Street, "A" stops inbound 14/KK Crescent Street, Atlantic Avenue, or Rockaway Parkway - Canal Street 15/J 168th Street - Broad Street 15/JJ 168th Street - Broad Street
1967–68 JJ 168th Street - Canal Street, "B" stops inbound QJ 168th Street - Brighton Beach, "A" stops inbound JJ Crescent Street or Atlantic Avenue - Canal Street QJ 168th Street - Brighton Beach JJ 168th Street - Broad Street
QJ 168th Street - Brighton Beach, middays and early evenings		 RJ 168th Street - Bay Ridge, rush hour non-peak direction only
1968–1974 KK 168th Street - 57th Street, "B" stops inbound QJ 168th Street - Brooklyn, "A" stops inbound KK 168th Street - 57th Street, "B" stops outbound QJ 168th Street - Brooklyn, "A" stops outbound QJ 168th Street - Broad Street or Brooklyn
1974–1976 K Eastern Parkway - 57th Street J 168th Street - Broad Street, two inbound patterns, one for "A" stops and one for "B" stops K Eastern Parkway - 57th Street J 168th Street - Broad Street, two outbound patterns, one for "A" stops and one for "B" stops J 168th Street - Broad Street

Archer Avenue Line

The J was truncated to Queens Boulevard just after midnight on September 11, 1977,[31] and to 121st Street on April 15, 1985, as portions of the elevated Jamaica Line closed and were demolished. The Q49 shuttle bus replaced service at the closed stations until 1988.[32]

The BMT Archer Avenue Line opened on December 11, 1988, extending the line back east from 121st Street to Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer. The Z train first ran that day, introducing the present J/Z skip-stop pattern.[33] The new Z trains would go skip-stop between Jamaica Center and Broadway Junction (later extended to Myrtle Avenue) during rush hours, then making all J stops to Broad Street. Bus service on several Queens bus routes was rerouted to serve Jamaica Center instead of the 169th Street station several blocks away.[34] The J/Z skip-stop service was touted, in an attempt to relieve some crowding on the IND Queens Boulevard Line, as being faster to lower Manhattan than E, F, and R service. Because the MTA hoped that Queens passengers would transfer to the J/Z from the E, F, and R, every subway car on the J and Z's fleet was completely graffiti-free.[35]

One of the goals of the Archer Avenue project was to make Jamaica Line service as attractive as possible, and as a result, the TA planned to provide a form of express service. The two options considered to speed up Jamaica Line service were skip-stop service, which would have split Jamaica services into two patterns that served alternate stops, and a zone-express service, which would have split Jamaica services into a short-turn local service and a full-length express services. The zone-express option was dismissed in favor of the skip-stop option because its operation has to be very precisely timed so as to not hinder reliability, because service in the outer zone past the boundary of zone express service at Crescent Street or 111th Street would be too infrequent, and because many stations would lose half their service.[36]:7 Outer-zone expresses, after Crescent Street would skip stops on the local track until Eastern Parkway, from where it would run on the express track, stopping at Myrtle Avenue before going straight to Essex Street in Manhattan, skipping Marcy Avenue.[37] Outer-zone expresses and inner-zone locals would have each been limited to frequencies of 10 minutes.[36]:49

The TA decided to implement skip-stop service with two services labeled "J" and "Z", with lightly-used stops designated as "J" or "Z" stops, and those with higher ridership being all-stop stations. The all-stop stations were Parsons Boulevard, Sutphin Boulevard, Woodhaven Boulevard, Crescent Street, Eastern Parkway, Myrtle Avenue, Marcy Avenue, and all stops in Manhattan except for Bowery, which was to be served by only the M train. Bowery's low ridership did not justify more than one service to stop at the station; the J stopped there evenings, nights and weekends when the M did not operate into Manhattan. The J-only stops while skip-stop was operating were 111th Street, Forest Parkway, Cypress Hills, Cleveland Street, Alabama Avenue, Halsey Street and Kosciusko Street. The Z-only stops were 121st Street, 102nd Street, Elderts Lane, Norwood Avenue, Van Siclen Avenue, Chauncey Street and Gates Avenue.[38] To further speed up service, J and Z trains would run express between Myrtle and Marcy.[36]:7–8 Trains on the J/Z ran every five minutes, an improvement over their previous headway of eight minutes.[39] Skip-stop service ran to Manhattan in the morning between 7:15 and 8:15 a.m. and to Jamaica between 4:45 and 5:45 p.m..[40][41]

Midday express service was added with J service continuing to run express in the peak direction between Marcy and Myrtle. Surveys of ridership at local stops found that service could be adequately provided by midday M service.[36]:48–50 The running time for skip-stop service from Parsons Boulevard to Broad Street was 48 minutes, compared to 54.5 minutes for all-local service and 52 for the E. It was expected that 2,250 Queens Boulevard riders would switch to the J and Z.[36]:7–8 To make J/Z service more attractive, all trains on those lines consisted of refurbished subway cars that were more quiet, graffiti-free, and had improved lighting and new floors. All cars on the J/Z were expected to have air-conditioning by summer 1989.[42]

Express service was not implemented between Broadway Junction and Myrtle Avenue because local service would have needed to be operated between those points in addition to the J and Z. The two terminals for such a service (57th Street and Broad Street) lacked spare capacity, although it was acknowledged that 57th Street on the IND Sixth Avenue Line could be used as a terminal once Manhattan Bridge subway-track repairs were completed.[36]:49

Queens Borough President Claire Schulman made multiple recommendations about revisions to the service plan for the extension at the MTA's February 1988 board meeting. She recommended that trains should use the express track between Myrtle Avenue and Eastern Parkway to reduce travel times, and that the Chrystie Street Connection be reused for service to the Jamaica Line.[43]

Post-1990 changes

On September 30, 1990, weekend J service was cut back to Canal Street,[44] but it was extended back to Chambers Street in January 1994.[45][46]

From May 1 to September 1, 1999, the Williamsburg Bridge was closed for reconstruction. J trains ran only between Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer and Myrtle Avenue. J/Z skip-stop service operated in both directions between Jamaica Center and Eastern Parkway-Broadway Junction.[47][48][49] During the closure, B39 bus service over the Williamsburg Bridge was free.[50] The closure was anticipated to last until October 1999, but regular subway service was restored one month ahead of schedule.[51] The project cost $130 million, including replacing the tracks support structure, signal system and other equipment.[52] On September 1, 1999, J and Z trains, which previously skipped Bowery between 6 a.m. and 8 p.m. on weekdays, began stopping there at all times.[53]

After the September 11, 2001 attacks, service on the BMT Broadway Line in Lower Manhattan, as well as all R service, was suspended. J trains were extended beyond Broad Street via the Montague Street Tunnel to replace the R to Bay Ridge–95th Street at all times except late nights, when it only ran to Broad Street and a shuttle ran in Brooklyn between 95th and 36th Streets. J/Z skip-stop service was suspended.[54] Normal service on all three trains was restored on October 28.[55]

In May 2014, all trains began stopping at Alabama Avenue, presumably for the convenience of transit employees who work at the nearby East New York Yard and East New York Bus Depot.[56] In July 2014, the MTA proposed that weekend J service be extended from Chambers Street to Broad Street.[57] The service change went into effect on June 14, 2015.[58][59] From June 26, 2017 to April 27, 2018, J and Z trains ran local between Broadway Junction and Marcy Avenue at all times, supplementing the M, due to the BMT Myrtle Avenue Line connection being closed for reconstruction.[60][61][62] In March 2020, skip-stop service was temporarily suspended due to lack of ridership and train crew availability caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.[63][64] Full service was restored in June.[65][66]

Route

Service pattern

The following table shows the lines used by the J and Z, with shaded boxes indicating the route at the specified times:

Line From To Tracks Times
mid­days even­ings week­ends rush peak rush peak
BMT Archer Avenue Line Jamaica Center Sutphin Boulevard all        
BMT Jamaica Line 121st Street Myrtle Avenue local (all)  
local (skip-stop)        
Myrtle Avenue Marcy Avenue local      
express        
Williamsburg Bridge all    
BMT Nassau Street Line Essex Street Broad Street

Stations

For a more detailed station listing, see the articles on the lines listed above.[2]

Stations in green and stations in blue denote stops served by the J and Z, respectively, during rush hours in the peak direction. The J makes all stops at all other times.

Station service legend
Stops all times
Stops all times except late nights
Stops late nights only
Stops weekdays only
Stops all times except rush hours in the peak direction
Stops rush hours in the peak direction only
Time period details
Station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act
 ↑ Station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act
in the indicated direction only
 ↓
Elevator access to mezzanine only
Stations Subway transfers Connections/Notes
Queens
Archer Avenue Line
Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer E  Q44 Select Bus Service
Sutphin Boulevard–Archer Avenue–JFK Airport E  AirTrain JFK
LIRR at Jamaica
Q44 Select Bus Service
Jamaica Line
121st Street Q10 bus to JFK Int'l Airport
111th Street
104th Street
Woodhaven Boulevard Q52/Q53 Select Bus Service
85th Street–Forest Parkway
75th Street–Elderts Lane
Brooklyn
Cypress Hills
Crescent Street
Norwood Avenue
Cleveland Street
Van Siclen Avenue
Alabama Avenue
Broadway Junction A  ​C  (IND Fulton Street Line)
L  (BMT Canarsie Line)		 LIRR Atlantic Branch at East New York
Some northbound a.m. rush hour trips begin/terminate at this station[lower-alpha 1]
Some southbound p.m. rush hour trips begin at this station
Chauncey Street
Halsey Street
Gates Avenue
Kosciuszko Street B46 Select Bus Service
Myrtle Avenue–Broadway M 
Flushing Avenue M  B15 bus to JFK Int'l Airport
Lorimer Street M 
Hewes Street M 
Marcy Avenue M  B44 Select Bus Service
⛴ NYC Ferry: East River Route (at South Tenth Street west of Kent Avenue)
Manhattan
Nassau Street Line
Essex Street M 
F  <F> ​ (IND Sixth Avenue Line at Delancey Street)		 M14A Select Bus Service
Bowery
Canal Street 4  ​6  <6> (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
N  ​Q  ​R  ​W  (BMT Broadway Line)
Chambers Street 4  ​5  ​6  <6> (IRT Lexington Avenue Line at Brooklyn Bridge–City Hall)
Fulton Street 2  ​3  (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)
4  ​5  (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
A  ​C  (IND Eighth Avenue Line)		 Connection to N  ​R  ​W  (BMT Broadway Line) at Cortlandt Street via Dey Street Passageway

PATH at World Trade Center

Broad Street M15 Select Bus Service
Staten Island Ferry at Whitehall Terminal

Notes
  1. Some northbound trains begin their trips at this station and continue to Jamaica Center during the early a.m. rush hour; some northbound trains from Broad Street end their trips at this station during the late a.m. rush hour.

References
  1. "Subdivision 'B' Car Assignments: Cars Required April 27, 2020" (PDF). The Bulletin. Electric Railroaders' Association. 63 (6): 14. June 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  2. "J Subway Timetable, Effective November 8, 2020" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
  3. "Line Colors". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  4. "SUB-DIVISION B TRAIN OPERATOR/CONDUCTOR ROAD & NON-ROAD WORK PROGRAMS IN EFFECT: NOVEMBER 6, 2016" (PDF). progressiveaction.info. New York City Transit. July 29, 2016. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
  5. "Trains Running This Morning". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, NY. May 30, 1893. p. 10.
  6. "Better Service on the Brooklyn L". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, NY. December 20, 1893. p. 12.
  7. "Brooklyn 'El' Link Dies With Aplomb; Celebrants Pack Last Train to Run on Lexington Spur, Soon to Be Torn Down In Service For 65 Years Riders Were So Scarce That Its 8 Stations Were Closed at Night for Last 10 Years". The New York Times. October 14, 1950. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  8. "The BRT Opens Its New Extension for Through Traffic". The New York Times. July 31, 1906. p. 12. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  9. "New Subway Line". The New York Times. July 7, 1918. p. 30. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  10. Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation, Map and Guide to BMT Rapid Transit Division, 1924
  11. "Celebrate Opening of New B. M. T. Line". The New York Times. July 15, 1928. p. 13. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  12. Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation, Map and Guide to BMT Rapid Transit Division, 1931
  13. "Mayor Runs a Train Over New Bridge". The New York Times. September 17, 1908. p. 16. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  14. "Bridge Loop to Open for One Line Only". The New York Times. August 3, 1913. p. 6. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  15. "Nassau St. Service Outlined by B. M. T." The New York Times. May 21, 1931. p. 29. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  16. "Mayor Drives Train in New Subway Link". The New York Times. May 30, 1931. p. 11. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  17. "Jamaica BMT to Start Speed-Up Tomorrow". The New York Times. June 17, 1959. p. 28. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  18. New York City Transit Authority, Official New York City Subway Map and Station Guide, 1959
  19. "Skip Stop on the BMT Jamaica Line". www.thejoekorner.com. New York City Transit Authority. 1959. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  20. New York City Subway map, 1968 edition
  21. Joseph Cunningham and Leonard DeHart, A History of the New York City Subway System Part 2: Rapid Transit in Brooklyn, 1977
  22. New York City Transit Authority, New York City Rapid Transit Map and Station Guide, 1967
  23. Walsh, Kevin (May 9, 2010). "Thank You For Your Service Retired line designations Page 2". forgotten-ny.com. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  24. New York City Transit Authority, Rapid Transit Service Changes, 1968
  25. "KK A New Service". www.thejoekorner.com. New York City Transit Authority. 1968. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  26. "Skip-Stop Changed, Other Notes" (PDF). New York Division Bulletin. Electric Railroaders' Association. 12 (4): 8. August 1969.
  27. "Subway Schedules In Queens Changing Amid Some Protest". The New York Times. January 2, 1973. p. 46. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  28. "Changes Set for Jan. 2 Praised" (PDF). The New York Times. November 25, 1972. Retrieved January 25, 2016.
  29. "Transit Agency Drops 215 Runs". The New York Times. August 31, 1976. p. 42. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  30. "Service Adjustment on BMT and IND Lines Effective 1 A.M. Monday, Aug. 30". Flickr. New York City Transit Authority. 1976. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
  31. Dembart, Lee (September 9, 1977). "A Sentimental Journey on the BMT..." The New York Times. p. 61. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  32. "Spring (April) 1985 Subway Map". Flickr. New York City Transit Authority. April 1985. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  33. Johnson, Kirk (December 9, 1988). "Big Changes For Subways Are to Begin". The New York Times. p. B1. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  34. "System-Wide Changes In Subway Service Effective Sunday, December 11, 1988". Flickr. New York City Transit Authority. 1988. Retrieved June 17, 2016.
  35. Feinman, Mark S. (December 8, 2004). "The New York Transit Authority in the 1980s". www.nycsubway.org. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  36. Archer Avenue Corridor Transit Service Proposal. New York City Transit Authority, Operations Planning Department. August 1988.
  37. "Archer Opens Dec. 11 Excerpts From TA Plan". Notes from Underground. Committee For Better Transit. 18 (11, 12). January–February 1988.
  38. J/Z map correction. New York City Transit Authority. 1988.
  39. "New Subway Line Finally Rolling Through Queens". Newsday. December 11, 1988. p. 7.
  40. Starting Sunday, December 11th, We'll Introduce The Greatest Number of Service Improvements Since 1904. New York City Transit Authority. 1988.
  41. Archer Avenue Extension Subway Service E F J R Z. New York City Transit Authority. 1988.
  42. "Archer Avenue Extension Opens December 11". Welcome Aboard: Newsletter of the New York City Transit Authority. New York City Transit Authority. 1 (4): 1. 1988.
  43. Ain, Stuart (February 29, 1988). "Schulman hails plan for subway station". New York Daily News.
  44. "Service Changes September 30, 1990" (PDF). subwaynut.com. New York City Transit Authority. September 30, 1990. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
  45. Glickman, Todd (October 6, 1998). "Archive of NYC Subway Maps". mit.edu. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
  46. "January 1994 Subway Map". www.railfanwindow.com. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 1993. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
  47. "No Trains Over The Williamsburg Bridge". subwaynut.com. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 1999. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
  48. Williams, Monte (May 4, 1999). "Most Straphangers Unfazed By Closing of Bridge Lines". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
  49. Rutenburg, James (April 27, 1999). "6-Month Bridgework To Disrupt J, M, Z Lines". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on August 7, 2016. Retrieved June 6, 2016 – via fishq.info.
  50. "Williamsburg Bridge Map 1999". Flickr. New York City Transit. 1999. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  51. "NYC DOT - Williamsburg Bridge". www.nyc.gov. New York City Department of Transportation. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
  52. Donohue, Pete (September 2, 1999). "It's J -As In Joy- Train Riders Flying High On Fixed-Up W'Burg Span". New York Daily News. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
  53. "Rapid Transit Challenge". www.rapidtransitchallenge.com. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
  54. Soltren, Jose. "September 19, 2001 Subway Map". nycsubway.org. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
  55. Calcago, Michael. "October 28, 2001 Subway Map". nycsubway.org. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
  56. Compare:
    • "New York City Subway Map" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. February 2014. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved October 9, 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) (Only the J served Alabama Avenue in February 2014)
    • (The Z now also served Alabama Avenue in May 2014)
  57. Donohue, Pete (July 24, 2014). "MTA to upgrade weekend service on J train, restore it on LIRR's West Hempstead Branch". New York Daily News. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
  58. "2015 Service Enhancements". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2015. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  59. "J/Z Subway Timetable: Now Available: Broad St Station service at all times" (PDF). mta.info. June 14, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 5, 2015. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  60. Rivoli, Dan (March 17, 2016). "M line to be shut down next year for repairs". New York Daily News. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  61. Brown, Nicole (March 18, 2016). "MTA: M line will shut down for part of next year". am New York. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  62. "Myrtle Avenue Line Infrastructure Projects". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  63. Guse, Clayton (March 24, 2020). "Coronavirus forces MTA to implement big cuts to NYC's mass transit". nydailynews.com. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  64. Martinez, Jose (April 28, 2020). "Subway Service Slowly Gets Back On Track As Transit Workers Return". The City. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
  65. Bascome, Erik (June 2, 2020). "Full service on MTA buses, subways set to return by June 8". silive. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  66. Siff, Andrew (June 5, 2020). "MTA Resumes Regular Weekday Service; Overnight 4-Hour Closure Stays". NBC New York. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
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