Jazan Province

Jazan Region also spelled Jizan (Arabic: جيزان‎, romanized: Jizan) is the second smallest (after Al Bahah) region of Saudi Arabia. It stretches 300 km (190 mi) along the southern Red Sea coast, just north of Yemen. It covers an area of 11,671 km2 and has a population of 1,567,547 at the 2017 census.[1] The region has the highest population density in the Kingdom. The capital is the city of Jizan; Prince Muhammad bin Nasser has been the Governor since April 2001.[2]

Jazan

جازان
Region
Map of Saudi Arabia with Jizan highlighted
Country Saudi Arabia
CapitalJizan
Boroughs14
Government
 • GovernorPrince Muhammad bin Nasser
 • Deputy GovernorMuhammad bin Abdulaziz bin Muhammad Al Saud
Area
 • Total11,671 km2 (4,506 sq mi)
Population
 (2017)
 • Total1,567,547
 • Density130/km2 (350/sq mi)
ISO 3166-2
09

The region includes over 100 islands in the Red Sea. Jizan Economic City is a mega project that is planned to boost the economy of the region and make it part of the Saudi economic growth.[3] The Farasan Islands, Saudi Arabia's first conservation protected area, is home to migratory birds from Europe in winter.

Geography

The region divides into three parts.

  • The Al-Sarawat mountains inland, which rise to about 3,000 metres.
  • The Alhazoun forest district consists of forest broken by some areas of rich pasture.
  • The plains are noted for the production of coffee beans, cereal grain crops (barley, millet and wheat) and fruit (apples, bananas, grapes, mangoes, papayas, plums and citrus varieties).

Though the climate on the highlands is similar to the relatively wetter climate of 'Asir, the coastal regions of Jazan province are part of Tihamah, probably the hottest place in the country, with mean maximum temperatures ranging from 40 °C (104 °F) in July to 31 °C (88 °F) in January. High humidity from coastal lagoons makes the climate even less bearable than it would be otherwise. Rainfall is extremely low at less than 75 millimetres (3 inches) per year. Sabya is located in the center between the mountain and the beach.

Population
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1992865,961—    
20041,187,587+2.67%
20101,374,845+2.47%
20181,603,659+1.94%
source:[4]

Sub-divisions

The region is sub-divided into 14 governorates as follows:[5][6]

Jazan's Governorates
Name Native name Census
15 September 2004		 Census (Preliminary 2010) Census (2017)
Abu Arishأبو عريش123,943196,462
Alddairالدائر49,23958,325
Alddarbالدرب52,06270,740
Ahad Almasarihahأحد المسارحة70,038109,866
Alaridahالعارضة62,84176,033
Alaydabiالعيدابي52,51561,043
Alharthالحرث47,07323,496
Alraithالريث13,40619,022
Baishبيش58,26977,406
Damadضمد62,36671,256
Farasanفرسان13,96218,015
Jizanجازان255,340163703
Sabyaصبياء198,086227,519
Samtahصامطة128,447201,959
Total Province1,187,5871,374,845 1,567,547

Ethnography

The Arabic language is spoken by over 90% of the inhabitants. Parts of Jizan is claimed to be part of Yemen by many Yemenis. It was occupied by Saudi Arabia during the Saudi–Yemeni War (1934) and Imam Yahya suspended Yemen's claim to the region in the treaty of Taif. Though many Yemenis continued to claim Jizan until the issue was settled formally and finally in the Saudi-Yemeni border agreement of 2000.[7]

Environmental projects

In 2019, the Saudi Government allocated $213 million to implement water and environmental projects in the region. Such projects include, installing a sewage treatment line, sewage network, sewage connections for households, and a station for pumping.[8]

References
  1. "Population Characteristics surveys" (PDF). General Authority for Statistics. 2017.
  2. "CTHM issues 4 royal decrees". kuna.net.kw. 2001.
  3. "Jazan Economic City Quarter Report" (PDF). Rcjy.gov.sa. 2017.
  4. Saudi Arabia: Regions and Cities
  5. "Detailed results of JAZAN (general population and housing census 2010-2010)" (PDF). General Authority for Statistics. 23 February 2016. Archived from the original on |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help).
  6. "Population Characteristics surveys 2017" (PDF). General Authority of Statistics.
  7. Schmitz, Charles; Burrowes, Robert D. (25 October 2017). Historical Dictionary of Yemen. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 269. ISBN 9781538102336.
  8. "Saudi Arabia implements environmental projects in Jazan worth over $200m". Arab News. 15 April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2019.

Further reading
  • S.I. Bruk, Narody Peredney Azii (1960);
  • S.I. Bruk, and V. S. Apenchenko, Atlas Narodov Mira (Moscow: Academy of Science, 1964)
  • A. Gabriel, Religionsgeographie von Persien (Vienna, 1971).

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