John Duncan (painter)

John Duncan (1866–1945) was a Scottish painter.[1][2]

Isolde (detail from "Tristan and Isolde") by John Duncan, 1912

Biography

Duncan was born in the Hilltown area of Dundee on 19 July 1866, the son of a butcher and cattleman. John, however, had no interest in the family business and preferred the visual arts. By the age of 15 he was submitting cartoons to the local magazine "The Wizard of the North" and was later taken on as an assistant in the art department of the Dundee Advertiser. At the same time he was also a student at the Dundee School of Art, then based at the High School of Dundee. In 1887-88 he worked in London as a commercial illustrator, then travelled to the continent to study at Antwerp Academy under Charles Verlat and the Düsseldorf Art Academy.[3]

In 1889 Duncan returned to Dundee and exhibited in the new Victoria Art Galleries extension of the Albert Institute. The following year he became one of the founder members of the Dundee Graphic Arts Association (now Dundee Art Society). Most of his income at this time was derived from portrait commissions, including jute merchant John L Luke and Mrs Hunter of Hilton.[3]

In 1892 Duncan moved to Edinburgh to work with the sociologist, botanist and urbanist Patrick Geddes, whom he had met in Dundee. As part of the Celtic Revival movement, Duncan painted murals for Geddes's halls of residence at Ramsay Garden. He also became the principal artist for Geddes' 1895-97 seasonal magazine "The Evergreen".[2] The magazine also featured work by Dundee artist Nell Baxter and the celebrated decorative artist Robert Burns.[4] Among other subjects, Duncan depicts "Bacchus and Silenus" in a mythical scene.[5] Duncan also acted as director of Geddes's short-lived Old Edinburgh School of Art,[6] and was commissioned by him to design The Witches' Well, Edinburgh, in 1894.[7]

In 1897 Duncan returned to Dundee and exhibited Celtic and symbolist paintings at the Graphic Arts Association as well as the Royal Scottish Academy and the Royal Glasgow Institute among others. It was at this time that he painted The Glaive of Light now in the University of Dundee's collection. He continued to teach art and design, at the Dundee YMCA, the University and the art school at Dundee Technical Institute. He also created Dundee's first design collective by gathering together a group of young talents who created and exhibited decorative art and design pieces for the Graphic Arts Association, including Nell Baxter, Rosa Baxter, Elizabeth Burt and Duncan's sister Jessie Westbrook.[3]

Thanks to Patrick Geddes's influence, in 1900 Duncan was appointed as a Professor at the Chicago Institute founded by Francis Wayland Parker. His stay there was not a happy one, and after Parker's death in 1902 he returned to Scotland and settled in Edinburgh, where he would live for the rest of his life.[3]

Duncan's last major work was entitled 'Mary Queen of Scots at Fotheringhay' (dated 1929). The work was commissioned and is now held by the University of St Andrews.[8] The painting was completed in spite of the critical antagonisms Duncan was facing at the time. A smaller scale replica is held in the Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery, Carlisle.[8][9]

  • Tristan and Isolde
  • Archangel Uriel, circa 1919
  • Aoife by John Duncan
  • Helene Schlapp - Iona
  • Detail from 'Hymn to the Rose', 1907
  • 'St Bride'
  • Riders of the Sidhe
  • The Children of Lir

References
  1. Duncan works online at The Athenaeum
  2. Young, Clara (2004). "John Duncan". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/94434.
  3. Jarron, Matthew (2015). "Independent & Individualist": Art in Dundee 1867-1924. Dundee: University of Dundee Museum Services / Abertay Historical Society. pp. 49–83. ISBN 978-0-900019-56-2.
  4. The Scottish National Gallery, 2016
  5. Geddes, Patrick. "The Evergreen". Retrieved 9 January 2016.
  6. Mellor, Helen (1990). Patrick Geddes: Social Evolutionist & City Planner. London: Routledge. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-415-10393-0.
  7. "The Edinburgh Witches' Well". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
  8. Kemplay, John (2009). The Paintings of John Duncan: A Scottish Symbolist. Pomegranate Artbooks. ISBN 978-0-7649-5159-6.
  9. Fine Art Holdings. Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery.
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