John Frank Morrison

John Frank Morrison (December 20, 1857 – October 22, 1932) was a career officer in the United States Army. A veteran of the Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War, Pancho Villa Expedition, and World War I, he attained the rank of major general and was a recipient of the Army Distinguished Service Medal and Silver Star.

John F. Morrison
From Volume XXIII (1933) of The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography
Born(1857-12-20)December 20, 1857
Charlotteville, New York, U.S.
DiedOctober 22, 1932(1932-10-22) (aged 74)
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Place of burial
Allegiance United States of America
Service/branch United States Army
Years of service1881–1921
Rank Major General
UnitU.S. Army Infantry Branch
Commands held6th Infantry Regiment
15th Infantry Regiment
United States Forces in China
Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia
30th Division
8th Division
Western Department
Camp Lewis, Washington
Southeastern Department
Fourth Corps Area
Battles/warsSpanish–American War
Philippine–American War
Pancho Villa Expedition
World War I
AwardsArmy Distinguished Service Medal
Silver Star
Spouse(s)Kate L. McCleery (m. 1887–1929, her death)

Early life and education

John F. Morrison[lower-alpha 1] was born in Charlotteville,Schoharie County, New York on December 20, 1857,[1] the son of Hannah (Lamont) Morrison and John Morrison, who served as county clerk.[2][3][4] He graduated from Schoharie Academy,[5] then began attendance at the United States Military Academy, from which graduated in 1881 ranked 26th of 53.[1] Morrison was commissioned as a second lieutenant of Infantry.[1]

Start of career

Morrison was assigned to the 20th Infantry Regiment and served briefly at Fort Brown, Texas.[1] In November 1881 he was assigned Fort Wallace, Kansas.[1] In November 1882 he was transferred to Fort Supply, Indian Territory.[1] From June to August 1883 he was on duty at the Fort Leavenworth Military Prison in Kansas.[1] Morrison was then assigned as a student at the Fort Leavenworth Infantry and Cavalry School of Application from which he graduated in July 1885.[1] He performed frontier duty at Fort Assinniboine, Montana from July 1885 to July 1887.[1]

From July 1887 to September 1893, Morrison was professor of military science and tactics and Kansas State Agricultural College in Manhattan, Kansas.[1] In November 1890 he was assigned to the 1st Infantry Regiment and promoted to first lieutenant.[1] In July 1891 he was transferred back to the 20th Infantry.[1] From September 1893 to March 1897, Morrison was assigned as quartermaster of the 20th Infantry Regiment.[1] From March 1897 to April 1898, he was an instructor at the Infantry and Cavalry School.[1] In April 1898 he was promoted to captain.[1]

Spanish–American War

After his promotion to captain, Morrison rejoined the 20th Infantry Regiment, which traveled to Mobile, Alabama in preparation for deployment to Cuba during the Spanish–American War.[1] He served in Cuba throughout the war, including the Siege of Santiago.[1] Morrison received the Citation Star for gallantry during the Battle of El Caney.[1] When the Silver Star award was created in 1918, Morrison's citation star was converted to the new medal.[1]

He returned to Fort Leavenworth in January 1899.[1] In February the 20th Infantry departed the United States for service in the Philippine–American War.[1] Morrison remained in the Philippines until March 1904, and served as regimental quartermaster again from November 1899 to June 1901.[1]

Continued career

During the Russo-Japanese War, Morrison served as a military attaché in Japan from March to November 1904.[1] He was then selected for attendance at the United States Army War College, from which he graduated in 1906.[1] He was promoted to major in October 1905.[1] From September 1907 to August 1907, Morrison was an instructor at the Army Staff College and Army School of the Line.[1] From August 1907 to July 1911, he served as assistant commandant of the Army Service Schools, and was the school's acting commandant on several occasions.[1] In June 1911, Morrison received promotion to lieutenant colonel.[1]

After his promotion to lieutenant colonel, Morrison served with the 20th Infantry at Vancouver Barracks, Washington.[1] In September 1914, he was promoted to colonel and assigned to command the 6th Infantry Regiment, which he led during service on the Mexico–United States border during the Pancho Villa Expedition.[1] In September 1915, he was assigned to command the 15th Infantry Regiment in Tientsin, China (now Tianjin).[1] In October 1915, Morrison was promoted to brigadier general as commander of United States Forces in China.[1]

World War I

Morrison circa 1920. Fort Leavenworth Hall of Fame.

In May 1917, Morrison was promoted to major general and assigned to command Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia.[1] From August to September 1917, he commanded the 30th Division at Camp Sevier, South Carolina.[1] From September to December 1917, Morrison served in France as a military observer.[1] He then served in Washington, D.C. until March 1918 as the Army's Director of Training.[1]

From March to June 1918, Morrison commanded the 8th Division at Camp Fremont, California.[1] From June 1918 to August 1919, he was stationed in San Francisco as commander of the Army's Western Department.[1] His wartime accomplishments were recognized with award of the Army Distinguished Service Medal.[1]

Distinguished Service Medal citation

The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Army Distinguished Service Medal to Major General John Frank Morrison, United States Army, for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services to the Government of the United States, in a duty of great responsibility during World War I, for services as Department Commander, Western Department, in handling with great skill, tact, and sound judgment many difficult problems arising in his department.

Service: Army Rank: Major General Division: Western Department General Orders: War Department, General Orders No. 47 (1919)[6]

Later career

From August 1919 to April 1920, Morrison was commander of the post at Camp Lewis, Washington.[1] Beginning in May 1920, Morrison was commander of the Southeastern Department and Fourth Corps Area.[1] He left the military after reaching the mandatory retirement age of 64 in December 1921.[1]

Retirement and death

In retirement, Morrison resided in Washington, D.C.[5] He died at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington on October 22, 1932.[5] Morrison was buried at Arlington National Cemetery.[1] In accordance with his wishes, there were no military honors at his funeral.[7] Instead, a single bugler was present to sound Taps.[7]

Family

On August 16, 1887, Morrison married Kate L. McCleery, the daughter of Army chaplain J. B. McCleery.[8] They were married until her death in 1929.[9] The Morrisons had no children.[9] Kate McCleery Morrison was the sister of Margaret McCleery, the wife of Major General Benjamin Alvord Jr.[9]

Legacy

Morrison was a highly regarded trainer and instructor, and authored written works on military operations, including 1914's Seventy Problems: Infantry Tactics, Battalion, Brigade and Division[10] and Training Infantry.[11]

Morrison's abilities as an instructor while at Fort Leavenworth were recognized Army-wide.[12] George Marshall, who studied under Morrison, later said that Morrison "taught me all I had ever known of tactics".[12] From the 1920s through World War II, officers who could say "I was a Morrison man" had professional cachet that commanded respect from their peers.[13]

In 1974, Morrison was inducted into the Fort Leavenworth Hall of Fame.[14] The Hall of Fame was founded in 1969, and honors members of the Army who significantly contributed to the history, heritage and traditions of the Army while stationed at Fort Leavenworth.[15]

The John F. Morrison Professor of Military History was created in 1974 by the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College.[16] A distinguished historian is selected to hold this visiting professorship every academic year.[16]

Notes

  1. Morrison's middle name appears in records as Franklin, Frank, and Francis. Frank was used most often.

References

  1. Thayer, Bill (July 4, 2016). "John F. Morrison in Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy". Bill Thayer's Web Site. Chicago, IL: Bill Thayer. Retrieved June 27, 2020.
  2. Davis, Henry Blaine Jr. (1998). Generals in Khaki. Raleigh, NC: Pentland Press, Inc. pp. 272–283. ISBN 978-1-5719-7088-6 via Google Books.
  3. Byrne, Ray (Fall–Winter 1968). "Military Leader Native of Schoharie County". Schoharie County Historical Review. Schoharie, NY: Schoharie County Historical Society. p. 25 via HathiTrust.CS1 maint: date format (link)
  4. The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography. XXIII. New York, NY: James T. White & Company. 1933. p. 108 via HathiTrust.
  5. "Morrison, Figure in 'Old Army', Dies". The Sunday Star. Washington, DC. October 23, 1932. p. A-2 via Newspapers.com.
  6. "Army Distinguished Service Medal Citation, John Frank Morrison". The Hall of Valor Project. Tysons, VA: Military Times Media Group. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  7. "Taps Will Be Only Honors in Burial of Gen. J. F. Morrison". The Evening Star. Washington, DC. October 24, 1932. p. 2 via Newspapers.com.
  8. "Wedding Announcement: Morrison-McCleery". Leavenworth Times. Leavenworth, KS. August 21, 1887. p. 5 via Newspapers.com.
  9. "Rites in Arlington: Funeral Services Are Held for Mrs. Kate L. Morrison". The Evening Star. Washington, DC. August 31, 1929. p. 12 via Newspapers.com.
  10. Morrison, John F. (1914). Seventy Problems: Infantry Tactics, Battalion, Brigade and Division. Ft. Leavenworth, KS: U.S. Cavalry Association. p. 1 via Google Books.
  11. Morrison, John F. (1914). Training Infantry. Ft. Leavenworth, KS: U.S. Cavalry Association. p. 1 via Google Books.
  12. Ilari, Virgilio (August 1, 2011). "The John F. Morrison Professorship of Military History" (PDF). How And Why the U. S. Army Studies Military History. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, United States Army. p. 27.
  13. Pogue, Forrest C. (1993). George C. Marshall: Education of a General, 1880-1939. Westminster, London, England: Penguin Books. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-1401-5396-5 via Google Books.
  14. Ike Skelton Digital Library. "Biography, Major General John Frank Morrison". Fort Leavenworth Hall of Fame. Ft. Leavenworth, KS: U.S. Army Combined Arms Center. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  15. "Ft Leavenworth Hall of Fame". CAC Organizations. Ft. Leavenworth, KS: U.S. Army Combined Arms Center. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  16. Linderman, Gerald (October 4, 1988). "John F. Morrison Lecture in Military History: Military Leadership and the American Experience". ResearchGate. Berlin, Germany. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
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