Joseph Buffington

Joseph Buffington (September 5, 1855 – October 21, 1947) was a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit and of the United States Circuit Courts for the Third Circuit and previously was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania.

This article is about the Pennsylvania federal judge. For the Pennsylvania Congressman and state court judge, see Joseph Buffington (congressman).
Joseph Buffington
Joseph Buffington (1901)
Senior Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
In office
June 1, 1938 – October 21, 1947
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
In office
September 25, 1906 – June 1, 1938
Appointed byTheodore Roosevelt
Preceded byMarcus Wilson Acheson
Succeeded byFrancis Biddle
Judge of the United States Circuit Courts for the Third Circuit
In office
September 25, 1906 – December 31, 1911
Appointed byTheodore Roosevelt
Preceded byMarcus Wilson Acheson
Succeeded bySeat abolished
Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania
In office
February 23, 1892 – September 26, 1906
Appointed byBenjamin Harrison
Preceded byJames Hay Reed
Succeeded byNathaniel Ewing
Personal details
Born
Joseph Buffington

(1855-09-05)September 5, 1855
Kittanning, Pennsylvania
DiedOctober 21, 1947(1947-10-21) (aged 92)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
EducationTrinity College (AB)
read law

Education and career

Born on September 5, 1855, in Kittanning, Pennsylvania, Buffington received an Artium Baccalaureus degree in 1875 from Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut and read law in 1878. He entered private practice in Kittanning from 1878 to 1892.[1]

Federal judicial service

Buffington was nominated by President Benjamin Harrison on February 10, 1892, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania vacated by Judge James Hay Reed. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 23, 1892, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on September 26, 1906, due to his elevation to the Third Circuit.[1]

Buffington received a recess appointment from President Theodore Roosevelt on September 25, 1906, to a joint seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit and the United States Circuit Courts for the Third Circuit vacated by Judge Marcus Wilson Acheson. He was nominated to the same position by President Roosevelt on December 3, 1906. He was confirmed by the Senate on December 11, 1906, and received his commission the same day. On December 31, 1911, the Circuit Courts were abolished and he thereafter served only on the Court of Appeals. He was a member of the Conference of Senior Circuit Judges (now the Judicial Conference of the United States) from 1922 to 1937. He was the last appeals court judge who continued to serve in active service appointed by President Roosevelt. He assumed senior status on June 1, 1938. His service terminated on October 21, 1947, due to his death in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[1]

Scandal

During the 1930s, Buffington became involved in a scandal involving his colleague on the Court of Appeals, Judge John Warren Davis. Buffington was found to have been signing opinions drafted by Davis, in cases in which Davis received bribes. Davis was forced out of office, but no formal action was taken against Buffington, who was described as being "aged, senile, and nearly blind" by that time. He took what is now called senior status, a form of semi-retirement, on June 1, 1938, and ceased hearing cases.[2]

Family

Buffington was the son of Ephraim and Margaret Chambers (Orr) Buffington,[3] and nephew to a well-known Pennsylvania judge of the same name. On January 29, 1885, he married Mary Alice Simonton, of Emmitsburg, Maryland.[3]

References
  1. Joseph Buffington at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
  2. | Why Judges Resign: Influences on Federal Judicial Service, 1789 to 1992 | Emily Field Van Tassel | With Beverly Hudson Wirtz and Peter Wonders | Federal Judicial History Office | Federal Judicial Center | 1993 |
  3. George Thornton Fleming, History of Pittsburgh and Environs (1922), p. 860-61.

Sources
Legal offices
Preceded by
James Hay Reed		 Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania
1892–1906		 Succeeded by
Nathaniel Ewing
Preceded by
Marcus Wilson Acheson		 Judge of the United States Circuit Courts for the Third Circuit
1906–1911		 Succeeded by
Seat abolished
Preceded by
Marcus Wilson Acheson		 Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
1906–1938		 Succeeded by
Francis Biddle
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