Junitoite

Junitoite
	Vitreous to pearly junitoite crystals to 4 mm from the Christmas Mine in Gila County, Arizona
General
Category	Sorosilicate
Formula; (repeating unit)	CaZn2Si2O7·H2O
Strunz classification	9.BD.15
Dana classification	56.2.1.1
Crystal system	Orthorhombic
Crystal class	Pyramidal (mm2) ; H-M group: (mm2)
Space group	Ama2[1]
Unit cell	a = 12.510(7) ; b = 6.318(3) ; c = 8.561(6) [Å]; Z = 4[1]
Identification
Color	Colorless, milk-white, or colored due to alteration[1]
Cleavage	Good on {100}; poor on {010} and {011}
Fracture	Micaceous
Tenacity	Brittle to semi-sectile due to alteration[1]
Mohs scale hardness	4.5
Luster	Adamantine, Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous
Streak	Colorless
Diaphaneity	Transparent to translucent[1]
Optical properties	Biaxial (+)
Refractive index	nα = 1.656; nβ = 1.664; nγ = 1.672
Birefringence	δ = 0.016
2V angle	Measured: 86°, Calculated: 88°
References	[2]

Junitoite is a mineral with formula CaZn₂Si₂O₇·H₂O. It was discovered at the Christmas mine in Christmas, Arizona, and described in 1976. The mineral is named for mineral chemist Jun Ito (1926–1978).

Description and occurrence

Junitoite is transparent to translucent and is colorless, milk-white, or colored due to alteration. Crystals grow up to 5 millimetres (0.20 in) and have high quality faces.[1]

Junitoite occurs in fractures through pods of sphalerite. It formed by retrograde metamorphism and oxidation of tactite, also resulting in kinoite.[1][3][4] The mineral is known from New Jersey and the type locality in Arizona.[2] Junitoite occurs in association with apophyllite, calcite, kinoite, smectite, and xonotlite.[1]

Crystal structure

Crystal structure of junitoite. Gray – Ca, green – Ow5, blue – H, yellow – ZnO₄, purple – SiO₄

In 1968, Jun Ito published the results of synthesis of various lead calcium zinc silicates. The formula of one phase, designated X₃, was identified as probably CaZnSi₂O₆·H₂O.[5] When he described junitoite, Sidney Williams identified the mineral's formula as CaZn₂Si₂O₇·H₂O, based on communications with Ito.[3][6]

The mineral's crystal structure was first determined in 1985 and refined in 2012.[4][7] The mineral crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system.[1] The structure is formed by chains of corner-sharing ZnO₄ tetrahedra linked together by Si₂O₇ tetrahedral pairs. Calcium ions occupy vacancies and coordinate to five oxygen atoms and one water molecule.[8]

History

The first known specimen of junitoite was collected from the Christmas mine at Christmas, Arizona, and entered the collection of Joe Ana Ruiz. Geologist Robert A. Jenkins noticed the mineral in kinoite specimens, submitting Ruiz's sample to Sidney A. Williams for study. Further samples came from the collections of Ruiz and Raymond Diaz.[3]

Williams identified the specimens as a new mineral and described it in the journal American Mineralogist in 1976. He named it junitoite in honor of Jun Ito, the mineral chemist who noted the compound of which the mineral is composed.[6] The International Mineralogical Association approved the mineral as IMA 1975-042.[9] The type material is housed in the University of Arizona, Harvard University, the National Museum of Natural History, the University of Paris, the National School of Mines, and The Natural History Museum.[1]

References

Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (eds.). "Junitoite" (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy. Chantilly, VA: Mineralogical Society of America.
"Junitoite". Mindat. Retrieved December 2, 2012.
Williams 1976, p. 1255.
Hamilton & Finney 1985, p. 91.
Ito, Jun (January–February 1968). "Synthesis of some lead calcium zinc silicates" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 53 (1–2): 231.
Williams 1976, p. 1258.
Yang, Jenkins & Downs 2012, p. i73.
Yang, Jenkins & Downs 2012, p. sup-1.
"The New IMA List of Minerals – A Work in Progress – Update: November 2012" (PDF). Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification. International Mineralogical Association. p. 83. Retrieved December 18, 2012.

Bibliography

Hamilton, R. D.; Finney, J. J. (March 1985). "The structure of junitoite, CaZn₂Si₂O₇·H₂O" (PDF). Mineralogical Magazine. 49: 91–95. doi:10.1180/minmag.1985.049.350.13.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Williams, Sidney A. (November–December 1976). "Junitoite, a new hydrated calcium zinc silicate from Christmas, Arizona" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 61 (11–12): 1255–1258.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Yang, Hexiong; Jenkins, Neil G.; Downs, Robert T. (2012). "Redetermination of junitoite, CaZn₂Si₂O₇·H₂O" (PDF). Acta Crystallographica Section E. E68: i73. doi:10.1107/S1600536812037622. PMC 3470120. PMID 23125564.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

External links

Images of junitoite from mindat.org

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[handbook-1] Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (eds.). "Junitoite" (PDF). Handbook of Mineralogy. Chantilly, VA: Mineralogical Society of America.

[mindat-2] "Junitoite". Mindat. Retrieved December 2, 2012.

[FOOTNOTEWilliams19761255-3] Williams 1976, p. 1255.

[FOOTNOTEHamiltonFinney198591-4] Hamilton & Finney 1985, p. 91.

[5] Ito, Jun (January–February 1968). "Synthesis of some lead calcium zinc silicates" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 53 (1–2): 231.

[FOOTNOTEWilliams19761258-6] Williams 1976, p. 1258.

[FOOTNOTEYangJenkinsDowns2012i73-7] Yang, Jenkins & Downs 2012, p. i73.

[FOOTNOTEYangJenkinsDowns2012sup-1-8] Yang, Jenkins & Downs 2012, p. sup-1.

[IMA2012-9] "The New IMA List of Minerals – A Work in Progress – Update: November 2012" (PDF). Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification. International Mineralogical Association. p. 83. Retrieved December 18, 2012.