Kaydar Nasr ibn Abdallah

Kaydar appears to have been of Soghdian descent,[1] and he was considered a client of the Commander of the Faithful (mawla amir al-mu'minin).[2] He was appointed to the governorship of Egypt by the caliph al-Ma'mun (r. 813–833) following the latter's visit to the province in February 832. The caliph also sent a "foreigner" (ajam) named Ibn Bistam to serve as chief of security (shurtah), but Kaydar dismissed him over charges of bribery and ordered him to be whipped in the mosque, after which he appointed his own son Muzaffar to lead the shurtah instead.[3]

During Kaydar's governorship, al-Ma'mun ordered the beginning of the mihnah or inquisition, to ensure compliance with his belief that the Qur'an had been created. In 833 Kaydar received a letter from al-Ma'mun's brother and successor Abu Ishaq, announcing the formation of the mihnah and instructing him to implement it in Egypt. He accordingly questioned the qadi Harun ibn Abdallah al-Zuhri, along with other officials and legal experts, and received their affirmation of the createdness of the Qur'an.[4]

A few months after the beginning of the mihnah, al-Ma'mun died in August 833 and was succeeded by Abu Ishaq, who took the regnal name al-Mu'tasim (r. 833–842). The new caliph wrote to Kaydar, ordering him to drop the names of the provincial Arabs from the army registers (diwan) and stop paying their salaries. This act met stiff resistance, however, and soon a certain Yahya ibn al-Wazir al-Jarawi revolted and drew five hundred men to his cause. Kaydar responded by preparing to engage the rebels, but he died in 834, and the governorship was taken over by his son Muzaffar.[5]

• Gordon, Matthew S. (2001). The Breaking of a Thousand Swords: A History of the Turkish Military of Samarra (A.H. 200–275/815–889 C.E.). Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-4795-2.
• Ibn Taghribirdi, Jamal al-Din Abu al-Mahasin Yusuf (1930). Nujum al-zahira fi muluk Misr wa'l-Qahira, Volume II. Cairo: Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyya.
• Al-Kindi, Muhammad ibn Yusuf (1912). Guest, Rhuvon (ed.). The Governors and Judges of Egypt (in Arabic). Leyden and London: E. J. Brill.
• El Shamsy, Ahmed (2013). The Canonization of Islamic Law: A Social and Intellectual History. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-04148-6.