Landship

A landship is a euphonious term for an unusually large example of a class of object; usually defined as a large vehicle that travels exclusively on land, as opposed to on water, air, or in space. However, the term has now been used for other subjects, examples include:

The Overburden Conveyor Bridge F60 is one of the largest terrestrial vehicles by any physical dimensions.

Military Committees
  • Landship Committee, a committee formed during World War I, it was designed to develop the original term of the landship[1] (large armored fighting vessels akin to naval ships) in order to deal with the trench warfare being fought over in no man's land, the British proposed building "landships" - large (1,000 tons or more) vehicles capable of crossing the trench systems of the Western Front, and the Landship Committee was formed to investigate these ideas for equipping the Naval Brigades.[2] It gained notable support of Winston Churchill.[3]

Military vehicles
Schematic for the T-42 Soviet tank
  • Tank, the tank was originally referred to as the Landship, owing to the continuous development from the Landship committee. The concept of a 1,000 ton armored fighting machine on land quickly became too impractical and too costly for it to be realistically conceived.[4] As such, the landship project first began proposing a revised vehicle that was cut down considerably in size. The first conceptual tank prototypes was for a vast 300-ton vehicle that would be made by suspending a 'sort of Crystal Palace body' between three such enormous devices.[5] These so-called six 'Big Wheel' landships were eventually commissioned. However, even at a revised weight, 300 tons was still considered wholly impractical given the technology present, but the influence of the big wheel would persist in the 'creeping grip' tracks of the first tanks, which were wrapped around the entire body of the machine.[5]
    • Mark I tank, the constant revision eventually led to the creation of the first tank. Granted, whilst the Mark 1 and later variations was far smaller than the initial behemoths envisioned, they still used naval guns such as the QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss which was later shortened into the QF 6-pounder guns.
  • Super-heavy tank, extremely large tanks, concepts of which, led to gargantuan vehicles rivaling naval warships. Superheavy tanks such as the British TOG2 and the Soviet T-42 was structured in a similar layout of naval battleships, albeit on a smaller scale.
    • T-35, this Soviet heavy tank was a multi-turreted heavy tank that was often nicknamed the 'Land Battleship' and continues to be one of the few armored historical vehicles named as such.[6]
The Landkreuzer P. 1000 Ratte, with size comparison to Maus tank and Tiger I
    • Landkreuzer P. 1000 Ratte, a super heavy tank that was called a land cruiser by Nazi Germany. The closest humanity got in creating the classical landship concept. The Ratte, if it was to be physically completed, would have been 35 meters (115 feet) long, 14 meters (46 feet) wide, and 11 meters (36 feet) high with a weight of 1,000 tons.[7] Moreover, its primary armament would have had 2x280mm 54.5 SK C/34 naval guns along with two MG-151/15 15-mm machine guns and eight FlaK 38 20-mm anti-aircraft guns, 8.1 kg (18 pounds).[8]
    • Landkreuzer P. 1500 Monster, a super-heavy self-propelled gun that was also devised by Nazi Germany, the Monster would be even bigger than Ratte at 1,500 tons. The self-propelled gun, that would have mounted the colossal Schwerer Gustav.[9]

Parades and events
  • Barbados Landship, a Barbadian cultural tradition and event that mimics the British Navy.

Civilian vehicles
The Bagger 288 bucket-wheel excavator
  • Bucket-wheel excavators, large civilian mining vehicle, of which, Bagger 293 remains the largest and heaviest land vehicle ever made. Their large size have often made BWEs be compared to ocean liners on land.[10][11]
  • Conveyor bridges, extraordinarily large mining vehicles that convey overburden in open-pit mining. The Overburden Conveyor Bridge F60 is considered the largest vehicle in physical dimensions of any type and has been referred to as a 'lying Eiffel Tower'.[12][13]
  • Bucket chain excavators, cousins of the BWEs, BCEs although smaller, are of the same category in terms of size.
  • Dragline excavators, extremely large excavators that moves by 'walking' on two pneumatic feet. The Big Muskie was one of the largest terrestrial vehicles ever built.
  • Extremely large Power shovels, such as The Captain rivaled BWEs and dragline excavators in sheer size.[14]
  • Tunnel boring machines, are large underground vehicles that are designed to drill and create subterranean subway transits, some of which weighs around 5,000 tons.
  • Breitspurbahn, a proposed civilian railway line envisioned by Adolf Hitler, these super enlarged transit lines would have accommodated for ultra-wide trains that would be 500 meters long.
  • Land yacht, a terrestrial equivalent of the naval yacht, despite this, it is not as large as its naval cousin due to the limitation on sailing on land.

Design concepts

Fictional examples
1904 illustration of H.G. Wells' The Land Ironclads, showing huge ironclad land vessels, equipped with pedrail wheels
  • The Land Ironclads, one of the first examples of the landship concept. Created by science fiction author, H.G. Wells, this was the most prominent and influential fictional landship as it helped inspired the Landship Committee and in turn, the tank and other armored fighting vehicles prior to World War 1.[17][18]
  • In the Mortal Engines series, large landships called 'traction cities', hunt smaller vehicles in the theories of Municipal Darwinism.
  • In Homeworld: Deserts of Kharak, literal land-bound aircraft carriers and land battleships are the primary mode of transporting firepower and air power in the largely desert terrain of the world of Kharak.
  • In Warhammer 40,000, large land battleships such as the Capitol Imperialis and the Colossus battle giant mechs known as Titans.
  • The Halo franchise used large terrestrial vehicles that are analogues to landships as troop transports such as the Mammoth or Elephant.
  • In Haze, the main base of operations for the protagonist is a large, mobile terrestrial aircraft carrier.
  • Star Wars used the Sandcrawlers as a mobile base of operations for the Jawas.
  • In the Fallout universe, the Enclave faction used a modified crawler-transporter as a mobile base of operations.
  • The Dystopian Wars wargame and miniature series is set in an alternate history where steampunk technology has advanced to the point that almost every major nation has access to functional landships.

See also
  • Seaship - seacraft simply known as a ship; large waterborne vessels used for commerce, maritime trade and naval expeditions.
  • Airship - large aircraft and are the airborne equivalent of naval vessels, mostly used for weather and scientific research purposes.
  • Spacecraft - large vehicles used to transport objects into space, can be split into expandable rockets or reusable spaceplanes.
  • Landship Committee
  • Road train
  • Armoured train
  • Super-heavy tank
  • Tsar tank

References
  1. Fletcher, David (1984). Landships: British Tanks in the First World War. HMSO. ISBN 0-11-290409-2.
  2. Richard Marian Ogorkiewicz. "Tank".
  3. Marcus Frost. "Churchill's "Landship": The Tank".
  4. Richard Ogorkiewicz (20 February 2015). Tanks - 100 Years of Evolution. pp. 29–31. ISBN 9781472813053.
  5. Patrick Wright. "Tank: Life and Times of a 'Wonder Weapon'".
  6. Kyle Mizokami. "Russian Museum Recreates WWII-Era 'Land Battleship'".
  7. Ruslan Budnik. "The Ridiculous 1000 Ton Landkreuzer P.1000 "Ratte"".
  8. "Krupp Landkreuzer P.1000 Ratte (Rat)".
  9. "Krupp Landkreuzer P.1500 Monster".
  10. Largest Dams. Bucket Wheel Excavator (Bagger 293).
  11. Peter Sciretta. "Westworld: Dr. Ford's Gigantic World Sculpting Machine Is A Real Thing".
  12. "Overburden Conveyor Bridge".
  13. "Overburden Conveyor Bridge F60".
  14. Jeff Dean. "Iron Profile: Marion 6360 Shovel "The Captain"".
  15. "Nomadic Urbanism: Futuristic 'Walking City' Draws on History".
  16. Lucy Wang. "Amazing "Green Machine" Mobile City Concept Transforms Deserts into Lush Oases".
  17. Charles E. Gannon (2005). Rumors of War and Infernal Machines. pp. 62–63. ISBN 9780742540354.
  18. H. G. WELLS. "THE LAND IRONCLADS".
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