Li Jinglin

In 1924, during the Second Zhili–Fengtian War, Li was commanding the Fengtian Second Army[4] which aided Zhang Zongchang in his decisive victory at Longku; the engagement has been termed "probably the single most important engagement in Zhili's defeat."[5] In November his troops occupied Tianjin,[6] where they picked up half of Wang Chengbin's forces,[7] and under his command a "repressive and predatory" regime was established--especially noted is the extent to which the local merchants were extorted.[8] The US 15th Infantry Regiment, whose mission was to keep the Peking-Mukden Railway open, was based in Tianjin, and small skirmishes occurred between US troops and Li's forces.[9] Like many other warlords who ruled Tianjin, Li was a member of the Green Gang.[10] From December 1924 to December 1925 he was the administrator of Hebei province.[11]

One of Li's nicknames is "Magic Sword".[12] He displayed great skill as a swordfighter and great interest in martial arts, especially Wudang chuan. Li was nicknamed "China's First Sword" and "God of the Sword."[13] He was an expert in a variety of sword techniques, and later learned Wudang Sword from Sung Wei-I, a renowned swordsman who also taught Fu Chen Sung.[14] His sword techniques were an amalgamation of the ancient Taoist and the newer Baguazhang styles.[15]

After his military career he opened a martial arts center in Nanjing,[16] and became vice-president of the National Martial Arts Academy,[17] also known as Central Hall for National Martial Arts (Zhongyang Guoshuguan),[18] and now called the Central Guoshu Institute. On his initiative, a Yang-style t'ai chi ch'uan was formalized, with Yang Chengfu as the most important of the contributors.[19]

Notes

Bibliography

• Allen, Frank; Tina Chunna Zhang (2007). The Whirling Circles of Ba Gua Zhang: The Art and Legends of the Eight Trigram Palm. Blue Snake Books. ISBN 978-1-58394-189-8. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
• Chevrier, Yves (2010). Citadins et Citoyens Dans la Chine Du XXe Siècle: Essai D'histoire Sociale. En L'honneur de Marie-Claire Bergère. Editions MSH. ISBN 978-2-7351-1177-0.
• Cornebise, Alfred E. (2004). The United States 15th Infantry Regiment in China, 1912-1938. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1988-3.
• Hershatter, Gail (1993). The Workers of Tianjin, 1900-1949. Stanford UP. ISBN 978-0-8047-2216-2.
• Lin, Chao Zhen; Wei Ran Lin; Rick L. Wing (2010). Fu Zhen Song's Dragon Bagua Zhang. Blue Snake Books. ISBN 978-1-58394-238-3. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
• Sun, Lutang; Tim Cartmell (2003). A Study of Taijiquan. North Atlantic Books. ISBN 978-1-55643-462-4. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
• Vercammen, Dan (2009). "Modernity Contra Tradition? Taijiquan's Struggle for Survival: A Chinese Case Study". In Rik Pinxten, Lisa Dikomitis (ed.). When God comes to town: religious traditions in urban contexts. Berghahn Books. pp. 114–44. ISBN 978-1-84545-554-5. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
• Waldrun, Arthur (2003). From War to Nationalism: China's Turning Point, 1924-1925. Cambridge UP. ISBN 978-0-521-52332-5.
• Chen, Weiming; Barbara Davis (2000). Taiji Sword. North Atlantic Books. ISBN 978-1-55643-333-7. Retrieved 22 October 2010.