List of GSLV launches

This is a list of launches made by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) using Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) rockets.

Notable missions

GSLV MK. I flight D1

This was the first developmental flight of the GSLV Mk.I featuring Russian cryogenic engine KVD-1. It was used to place an experimental satellite GSAT-1 into the orbit. However, due to sub-optimal performance and lack of fuel the vehicle did not achieve the intended oribit and the satellite had to maneuver itself using onboard fuel to correct the shortfall. ISRO claims the launch to be successful.[1][2] In a 2014 interview, ISRO Chairman K. Radhakrishnan attributed the failure to incorrect mixture ratio used in the cryogenic upper stage.[3][1][4]

GSLV MK. II flight D5
Main article: GSLV-D5

This was the second test flight with indigenous cryogenic stage CE-7.5 and the first successful launch with the CE-7.5. The flight lifted and successfully placed the 1,982 kilograms (4,370 lb) GSAT-14 into the orbit. This flight became the harbinger of successful launch with the indigenous cryogenic stage.[5][6][7]

GSLV MK. II flight F09

This was the fourth consecutive successful flight of GSLV Mk. II with indigenous cryogenic engine. The flight placed the regional satellite South Asia Satellite was previously named as SAARC Satellite[8][9][10][11] The satellite was a gift from India to its neighbors to bolsters Prime Minister Narendra Modi's neighborhood first policy[12] Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal and Sri Lanka are the users of the multi-dimensional facilities provided by the satellite.

Launch statistics

GSLV Mk. I

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
2001
2005
2010

GSLV Mk. II

0.5
1
1.5
2
2010
2015
2020

Mission outcome - GSLV Mk. I
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
2001
2005
2010
  •   Success
  •   Partial failure
  •   Failure
  •   Planned

Mission outcome - GSLV Mk. II

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2010
2015
2020
'22
  •   Success
  •   Partial failure
  •   Failure
  •   Planned

Launch history

As of 14 December 2020 the GSLV has made 13 launches, with 8 successfully reaching their planned orbits, three outright failures and two partial failure, yielding a success rate for GSLV MK. I at 29% (or 57% including the partial failure) and 86% for Mk. II variant.[13] All launches have occurred from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, known before 2002 as the Sriharikota Range (SHAR).

2001-09

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
outcome
D1 18 April 2001
10:13		 Mk I First GSAT-1 1540 kg GTO INSAT Partial failure
Developmental flight, payload placed into lower than planned orbit, and did not have sufficient fuel to reach a usable orbit.[1]
D2 8 May 2003
11:28		 Mk I First GSAT-2 1825 kg GTO INSAT Success
Developmental flight.[14]
F01 20 September 2004
10:31		 Mk I First GSAT-3 1950 kg GTO INSAT Success
First operational flight.[15]
F02 10 July 2006
12:08		 Mk I Second INSAT-4C 2168 kg GTO INSAT Failure
Both rocket and satellite had to be destroyed over the Bay of Bengal after the rocket's trajectory veered outside permitted limits.
F04 2 September 2007
12:51		 Mk I Second INSAT-4CR 2160 kg GTO INSAT Partial failure
Apogee lower and inclination higher than expected, due to an error in the guidance subsystem.[16] Eventually the 2160 kg payload reached the designated geostationary transfer orbit.[17][18] Minor error in orbit inclination corrected by satellite mission operators. Satellite is fully operational and full design life of ten years will be achieved. It completed 6 years in orbit successfully.[19] ISRO claims this GSLV flight to be successful.[20]

2010-17

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
outcome
D3 15 April 2010
10:57		 Mk II Second GSAT-4 2220 kg GTO INSAT Failure
First flight test of the ISRO designed and built Cryogenic Upper Stage (CUS). Failed to reach orbit due to malfunction of the Fuel Booster Turbo Pump (FBTP) of the cryogenic upper stage.[21]
F06 25 December 2010
10:34		 Mk I Second GSAT-5P 2310 kg GTO INSAT Failure
First flight of GSLV Mk.I (c). Destroyed by range safety officer after loss of control over liquid-fueled boosters.[22]
D5 5 January 2014
10:48		 Mk II Second GSAT-14 1980 kg GTO INSAT Success
The flight was scheduled for 19 August 2013, but one hour and 14 minutes before the lift off, a leakage was reported and the launch was halted.[23]

Second flight of GSLV with indigenous cryogenic upper stage (CUS) developed by ISRO's Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) was launched successfully on 5 January 2014.[24][25] It was a launch with precision of 40 metres (130 ft). All the three stages performed successfully.[26][27] This was the first successful flight of the cryogenic stage which was developed indigenously in India.

D6 27 August 2015
11:22		 Mk II Second GSAT-6 2117 kg GTO INSAT Success
GSLV Mk II D6 with an Indigenous Cryogenic Engine (ICE) successfully ferried GSAT-6 payload into Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO) with injection parameters of 170 km x 35945 km, 19.96 degree inclination. The cuboid-shaped GSAT-6 satellite includes a technology demonstrator S-Band unfurlable antenna with a diameter of six metre which will provide S-band communication services during its expected mission life of nine years.[28][29][30]
F05 8 September 2016
11:20		 MK II Second INSAT-3DR 2211  kg GTO INSAT Success
First operational flight of GSLV Mk II.

The injection parameters were met with extreme precision. Perigee was within 300m (within 0.18%) of the expected value whereas apogee was within 0.2% (80 km). The difference between expected and actual inclination degree was 0.

INSAT-3DR is an advanced atmospheric weather satellite. as well as the second heaviest satellite placed in orbit by an indigenous cryogenic engine propelled GSLV [31][32][33]

F09 5 May 2017
11:27		 Mk II Second GSAT-9 / South Asia Satellite 2230 kg GTO INSAT Success
South Asia Satellite was previously named as SAARC Satellite[34][9][35][36]

2018

Flight No. Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Payload mass Orbit User Launch
Outcome
F08 29 March 2018
11:26		 Mk II Second GSAT-6A 2140 kg GTO INSAT Success
Used an enhanced version of the Vikas engine called High Thrust Vikas Engine (HTVE) which had a thrust of 848 kN in GS2 stage. Electro-hydraulic Actuation used for gimballing in GS2 stage was replaced by more reliable Electro-Mechanical Actuation.[37][38][39][40][41][42][43]
F11 19 December 2018
10:40		 Mk II Second GSAT-7A 2250 kg GTO INSAT Success
Used an enhanced version of the Vikas engine called High Thrust Vikas Engine (HTVE) along with uprated cryogenic engine C15.[44][45][46][47][48]

Future launches
Date / time (UTC) Rocket,
Configuration		 Launch site Payload Orbit User
March 2021[49][50] Mk II Second GISAT 1 ISRO
Flight F10 - Payload- 2268 kg[51][52][53][54][55]
2021[44][56][57][58] Mk II Second GISAT 2 ISRO
2300 kg[59][51]
2021 Mk II Second GSAT-32 ISRO
[60][51]
2021 Mk II Second IDRSS-1 GTO ISRO
[61]
2021[44] Mk II Second GSAT-7C Indian Air Force
[62]
2021[44] Mk II Second GSAT-7R ISRO
Replacement satellite for Indian Navy's GSAT-7.[63]
2021 Mk II Second IDRSS-2 GTO ISRO
[61]
September 2022[44] Mk II Second NISAR NASA / ISRO
NASA / ISRO collaboration[64]
2022[44] Mk II Second Insat 3DS ISRO
Follow mission to INSAT-3DR
2024[44] Mk II Second Shukrayaan-1
First Venus mission of India.[65]
  • GSLV F05 take off
  • GSLV F11 vehicle at Second Launch Pad.
  • Fully integrated GSLV-F05 coming out of the Vehicle Assembly Building.
  • Launch of GSLV F11 from Second Launch Pad.
  • Top view of a fully Integrated GSLV-F08 inside the Vehicle Assembly Building.
  • GSLV F08 lift off.

References
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