List of United States Military installations in Iraq

The United States Department of Defense has a large number of temporary military bases in Iraq, most a type of forward operating base (FOB).

Depending on their size or utility, the installations were called: Camp, Forward Operating Base (FOB), Contingency Operating Base (COB), Contingency Operating Site (COS), Combat Outpost (COP), Patrol Base (PB), Outpost, Logistic Base (Log Base), Fire Base (FB), Convoy Support Center (CSC), Logistic Support Area (LSA) and Joint Security Station (JSS).

Near the end of Iraq War 2003–2011, the last several Camps and Forward Operating Bases were changed to Contingency Operating Bases and Sites.

However due to International military intervention against ISIL, personnel have returned to old bases and new bases created.

Airfields

Name District Governorate Opened Closed Fate Notes
Qayyarah Airfield West
FOB Endurance
FOB Q-West
Handed over to Iraqis on March 26, 2020[1][2]

Camps

Type Name District Governorate Opened Closed Fate Notes
CampAl-Khalis (Rock City F.O.B.)?
CampAl Qa'im (Al Qa'im train station, Al Anbar)?
CampAl Watani (Green Zone)?
CampAnah
COP Anah
?
CampAndaluz?
CampAndersonDiwaniyahAl-Qādisiyyah35 Mi south of Baghdad
CampCamp Apache
Camp Gunner Main
AdhamiyaBaghdad[3]
CampArkansasAl SalamBaghdadAl Salam Palace
CampArrowAd Dawr/TikritSaladin
CampAvalancheAbu GhuraybBaghdadAbu Ghurayb Prison
CampBabylonHillaBabilApril 2003January 2005DismantledHQ of 1st Marine Expeditionary Force[4]
Used by Polish Forces[5]
CampBaharia
FOB Volturno
FallujahAl Anbar2003Dreamland
CampBasiloneNasiriyahAl-Qādisiyyah2003(Qalat Sikar Air Base)
CampBlack JackBaghdadBaghdad[6] Part of the Victory Base Complex
CampBoomBaqubahDiyalaBaqubah Airfield
CampBrassfield MoraSamarraSaladin2004[7]
CampBravoBasraBasra2011[8]
CampBristolBaghdadBaghdadPart of the Victory Base Complex
CampBuccaUmm QasrBasra2003December 2010Hotel[9]
CampBuffaloTikritSaladin?
CampBulldogBaghdadMakhmur
CampBushmasterAl NajafNajaf[10]
CampBushwaker?
CampBuzz?
CampClairborne? Mosul Air Base
CampCobraAbu GhuraybBaghdadAbu Ghurayb Presidential Site
CampCold Steel?
CampCombat Outpost (Ar Ramadi)?
CampCookeTajiBaghdad2003Taji Air Base
CampCropperPart of the Victory Base Complex
CampCuervo
Camp Rustamiyah
Camp Muleskinner
Sadr DistrictBaghdad20032009Iraqi Military Academy Rustamiyah
CampDahuk
CampDaniels (Samarra)
CampDakota (Baghdad)
CampDracula
CampDragoon (Baghdad)
CampDuke (Najaf)
CampCamp Eagle (Baghdad)
CampEagle III (Najaf)
CampEden
Camp Hit
CampEdson (Diwaniyah)
CampEllis
Camp Bastard
BarwanahAl Anbar2007[11][12]
CampEndurance
Camp Regulars
Q West Air Field
CampFallujahFallujah
CampFenwayQalat Sikar Air Field
CampFreedom (Mosul)
CampFreedom I
Camp Warhorse
Baqubah Air Field
CampFreedom II (Green Zone)
CampGanci (Abu Ghraib)
CampGeiger
CampGilligan(Saddam Canal Bridge provisory camp)
CampGolf
Camp Baker (Najaf)
CampGracelandRasheed Air Base
CampGriffinBaghdad International Airport
CampHonorGreen Zone/BaghdadBaghdad2006Iraqi Prison[13]
CampHotel (Najaf)
CampHurricane Point (Ar Ramadi)
CampHusaybah
CampIndependence
Camp Headhunter
FOB Headhunter
Ali SalehBaghdadAlmuthana Air Base 2 Platoons of HHC 4-64 AR, 4th BDE, 3rd IN Div
CampIndia
CampIron Horse (Sadr City)
CampIronhorse
FOB Danger (Tikrit)
CampJennings (Al Amarah)
CampJuliet (Kerbala)
CampJunction City (Ar Ramadi)
CampJustice
Camp Al Adala
Camp Banzai
KadhamiyahBaghdad
CampKalsu
CampKleckerBIAP
CampKnot
CampKorean Village
FOB Buzz (Ar Rutbah / H-3)
CampLancerK2 Air Base
CampLeader (Mosul)
CampLibeccio (Nasiryah)
CampLiberty (Camp Hurriya)
Camp Victory North (Camp Al-Tahreer)
Abu GhuraybPart of the Victory Base Complex
CampLima (Baghdad)
CampLoki
CampManhattan
Camp Habbaniyah
Habbaniyah Air Base
CampMarez (Mosul)
CampMalboro (Sadr City)
CampMercury
Camp Abu Ghurayb
CampMinden
CampC.W. Myler (Baghdad)camp of Naval Special Warfare Squadron One during their deployment in 2004
CampNakamura (Nippur)
CampNamalocated in Baghdad, operations moved to LSA Anaconda
CampNormandy (Muqdadiyah)
CampOutlaw (Green Zone)
CampPacemakerpart of LSA Bushmaster near Najaf
CampPacesetterSamarra East Air Field
CampPaladin
CampPaliwoda (Balad)
CampPackhorse
FOB Remagen
Camp Cougar
Tikrit
CampCamp Parsons(expansion at Camp Victory)
CampPerformance (Mosul)
CampCamp Patriot(Green Zone)
CampQayyarahQuyarrah Air Base
CampRaider
FOB Dagger (Tikrit)
CampRamadi
Camp Blue Diamond
Camp Champion Main
Camp Hurricane Point
Ramadi200720112nd Advise and Assist Brigade, 82nd Aiborne Division[14]:3
2-319 Airborne Field Artillery[14]:3
1-325 Airborne Infantry[14]:3
CampReasoner II (Sahl Sinjar, Tal Afar)
CampRed Knight
CampRedcatcherRasheed Air Base
CampRedemption (Abu Ghraib)
CampRenegadeKirkuk Air Base
CampRidgeway (Al Taqaddum)
CampRipper (Al Asad)
CampRoach
Camp Hadithah
CampRustamiyah
also known as Camp Cuervo
Rasheed Air Base
CampSatherBaghdad International Air Base
CampScania (Nippur)HashimiyaBabilMarch 200315 July 2010Transferred to Iraqi ArmyConvoy Support Center (CSC) Scania, on MSR Tampa about 4 miles west of Al Shomali. Last unit: 389th Combat Service Support Battalion.[15]
CampShield (Baghdad)
CampSlayerPart of the Victory Base Complex
CampSmitty
CampSnake Pit (Ramadi)
CampSolidarity (Camp Al-Tadamum)
Camp Gunsligner
AdhamiyahBaghdad
CampSpeicher
COB Speicher
Tikrital-Sahra Air Base
CampSt. Mere (Fallujah)
CampSteel Dragon (Green Zone)
CampSteel Falcon
CampStone (Sulaymaniyah)
CampStrike (Mosul)
CampStrikerPart of the Victory Base Complex
CampSullivan (Baghdad)
CampSustainer
CampSycamoreAl-Sahra Air Base
CampTajiTaji Air Base
CampTaqaddumTaqaddum Air Base was handed over to Iraqis on April 5, 2020[16][17]
CampThunderBaghdad International Air Base
CampTop Gun (Mosul)
CampTrebil
Camp Gibbons
CampTwin Tower
CampUltimo (Baghdad)
CampUnion I (Camp Al-Tawheed Al-Awal)
Camp Greywolf
Al-SijoodAl Sijood Presidential Site
CampUnion II (Camp Al-Tawheef Al-Thani)
Camp Warrior
Al-SijoodAl Sijood Presidential Site
CampVictory 51 papa (Abu Ghurayb)
CampVictoryPart of the Victory Base Complex
CampVigilant (Abu Ghurayb)
CampViperJalibah Air Base
CampVolunteer
Camp Provider (Baghdad)
CampWar HorseBaqubah Air Field
CampWhitehorse
CampWhitfordTallil Air Base
CampWolf
Camp Miller
CampWolfpack (Green Zone)
CampZadan (Zadan)
CampZaytun (Irbil)
CampZulu (as Suwayrah)

Combat Outpost (COP)

Type Name District Governorate Opened Closed Fate Notes
COPAmancheBaghdad
COPAnnihilatorUnused trade school in Ameriya
COPApacheAdhamiyahBaghdad
COPAssassinDiyalaBaghdad2007Location 33.308677, 44.617434 Former Truck Depot
COPAttackWest Al RashidBaghdad2007Former Boxing Gym
COPAyres
COPAztecSouth of Baghdad International AirportBaghdad[18]
COPBamaDiyala
COPBanchee
COPBattleAl RashidBaghdad
COPBeretta
COP860/BlackfootAl Hadar/East RashidBaghdad2007Chaldean Pontifical Babel College Church Complex
COPBlickenstaffMosulNineveh
COPBlue Babe Bridge / Georgian Bridge(Route Blue Babe, across the Diyala River)
COPBone ZuluSouth Tahrir
COPCahillMada'in Qada2007201133.134972, 44.572930
COPCallahanAdhamiyahBaghdad
COPCarverSalman Pak2008201133.083224, 44.599440
Baker Boys: Inside the Surge
COPCashe33.208018, 44.523323
COPCashe SouthBaghdad2007July 2010Transferred to the Iraqi Police33.20664164070701, 44.519090597883114 Built right next to Al Tuwaitha Nuclear Reactor that was bombed.
COPCasino
COP Wildcard
Ghaziliyah
COPChaosBa'qubaDiyala
COPCleary2007200833.139267, 44.692545
COPCorregidor(near Haswah, Al Yusufiyah)2007
COPDragonYusifiyahBaghdad20072008Transferred to the Iraqi ArmyLast unit: 3rd Battalion, 187th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault).[19]
COPEllis
COPFalconRamadiAl Anbar
COPFordAdhamiyahBaghdad
COPGatorBaghdadNestled in the Dora market
COPGoldenThartharAl Anbar2007August 2007Turned over to the Iraqi ArmyNorth of Fallujah off MSR Golden
COPGrantRamadiAl Anbar
COPHaditha Dam
COPHatoonBa'qubaDiyala
COPHawasAl AnbarMSR Golden, Northeast of Lake Thar Thar Dam and Canal
COPHutal
COP Rath
COPIronRamadiAl Anbar
COPKhatoonBa'qubaDiyala
COPMeade
COPMurrayNorthern Arab JiborBaghdad
COPOld ModAl RashidBaghdadOld Ministry of Defense Building
COPNorthAl-Qa'imAl Anbar
COPNorrisBaghdad
COPOcotal / OcotolAnahAl Anbar
COPOld BaqubahBa'qubaDiyala
COPOld Mob
COPQasr `Amij (160k)RutbaAl Anbar20072010Turned over to Iraqi ArmySite of the 29th Brigade, 7th IA Division
COPRabiyMosulNineveh
COPRawah
COPRemagen
COPResolve
COPRock
COPRomeoBa'qubaDiyala
COPRuger
COPSalie(Nahrawan)
COPSan JuanSouthwest of Baghdad International AirportBaghdad2007AbandonedBombed out garage/barracks destroyed. Remnants of tower remain.
COPSedgwickAl AnbarAugust 2009Turned over to the Iraqi ArmyDowngraded from a FOB sometime between 2008 & 2009

(Nahrawan)

COPShanMosulNineveh
COPSouthAl-Qa'imAl Anbar
COPShockerZurbatiyahWasit2007July 2011
COPSpearRamadiAl Anbar
COPSwordRamadiAl Anbar
COPSummers
COPTampaMosulNineveh
COPTehrir / Tarear / TahrirBa'qubaDiyala
COPTexasSadr CityBaghdad
COPTripoli
COPWar Eagle
COP102RusafaBaghdad
COP402
COP727
COP742
COP821southwestern neighborhood of SaidiyahBaghdad

Contingency Operating Base (COB)

Type Name District Governorate Opened Closed Fate Notes
COBAdder
Camp Adder
LSA Adder
Camp Cedar I
Camp Cedar II
NasiriyahDecember 2011Nasiriyah Airport3rd Advise and Assist Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division[14]:3
1-77 Armor[14]:6
2-82 Field Artillery[14]:6
219th Battlefield Surveillance Brigade[14]:7
1-163 Infantry[14]:13
COBAsad4-6 Infantry[14]:3
2-325 Infantry[14]:7
COBBasrah
Camp Basrah
BasrahDecember 2011Transferred to civilian controlContains U.S. Consulate.[20]
COBErbil
COBScania
COBWarhorse

Contingency Operating Site (COS)

Type Name District Governorate Opened Closed Fate Notes
COSBesmayah
COSBucca
COSCobra4-9 Cavalry[14]:7
COSDelta
FOB Delta
FOB Al Kut
Camp Chesty
KutApril 2003October 2011Transferred to Iraqi Control6-9 Cavalry[14]:6
Kut Air Base
COSEchoDiwaniya1-82 Field Artillery[14]:2
2-8 Cavalry[14]:6
3/3 Armored Cavalry[14]:15
COSEndeavor
FOB Endeavor
An NajafNajaf[10]
COSGarry Owen3-8 Cavalry[14]:6
COSHammer
COSKalsu1st Advise and Assist Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division[14]:2
2-5 Cavalry[14]:2
3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment (Advise and Assist Brigade)[14]:15
1/3 Armored Cavalry[14]:15
COSKorean Village
COSMahmudlyah
COSMarez
FOB Marez
Camp Diamondback
MosulNineveh20044th Advise and Assist Brigade, 1st Armored Division[14]:7
2-13 Cavalry[14]:7
2-29 Field Artillery[14]:7
6-17 Air Cavalry[14]:9
5-82 Field Artillery[14]:11
1-9 Cavalry[14]:15
COSTaqadumm
COSUmm Qasr
COSWarriorKirkuk6-17 Air Cavalry[14]:1
4th Advise and Assist Brigade, 1st Armoured Division[14]:2
1-5 Field Artillery[14]:2
1st Advise and Assist Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division[14]:10
1-14 Infantry[14]:15
2-12 Cavalry[14]:15
COSWarhorseBaquba2nd Advise and Assist Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division[14]:2
1-8 Cavalry[14]:11

Firebase (FB)

Type Name District Governorate Opened Closed Fate Notes
FirebaseMoreheadOctober 2011Handover to Iraqi ForcesUS Special Forces base located in the city of Baqubah, Diyala Province. Last occupied by ODA 2135.
FirebaseSahamMarch 2020[21]34.361286°N 41.129709°E / 34.361286; 41.129709 [22][23]

Forward Operating Base (FOB)

Type Name District Governorate Opened Closed Fate Notes
FOBAbu GhraibAbu GhraibBaghdad2004September 2006
COPAggieHammam Al Allil/MosulNineveh
FOBAl AsadAl Anbar2003
FOBAl-Tawheed Al-ThalithBaghdad
FOBAnimalBaghdad
FOBArrowAd-Dawr
FOBAttackBaghdad
FOBAtlas
Hellhound
FOBBaharia
FOBBandit IslandBaghdad
FOBBeastSamarra
FOBBernsteinSalah ah Din2003Tuz Khurmatu Air Base
FOBBlue DiamondRamadiAl Anbar
FOBBlackFallujahAl Anbar
FOBBlickenstaffMosulNineveh
FOBBrassfield-MoraSamarraSaladin
FOBBroomheadBaghdad
FOBBulldog
FOBByersBaghdad
FOBCaldwell
Camp Caldwell
Kir Kush2003April 3, 2010Dissolved into the Kirkush Military Training Base
FOBCallahanClosed downOccupied by the 4th Infantry Division until recently. Originally captured by the 2-82nd Airborne, was in an old, burned-out shopping mall.[24]

[25]

FOBCarpenterSalman Pak2003
FOBChampion Main
Camp Blue Diamond
RamadiAl Anbar
FOBChosinIskandariya/Al-MusayabBabil20032005Renamed
FOB Iskandariyah
Located on the grounds of the Musayyib Power Plant
FOBCobraJalulaDiyala2003Transferred to Iraqi Control
FOBComancheAbu Sayada
FOBConstitutionBaghdad
FOBCookeBaghdad
FOBCourageMosulNineveh
FOBCorregidor
FOBCrossbow
FOBDagger
FOBDangerTikritSaladinMay 20042005Formerly FOB Ironhorse
FOBDaniels
FOBDavidNajafNajaf
FOBDukeNajafNajaf2004October 1, 2006Transferred to Iraqi Control
FOBDibbis
Dibis
Dibis Camp
Camp Dibis
FOBEagleBaladSaladin20032004Renamed FOB Paliwoda
FOBEchoad DiwaniyahAl-Qādisiyyah31.968192, 44.910140It served as a Spanish (known as Camp Espania), Polish, and American base during different periods of the Iraq War.
FOBEdenHītAl Anbar
FOBEdge
FOBFallujah
FOBFaylokAl-MuqdadiyaDiyala
FOBFerdinandBaghdad2007U.S. Army Special Forces and Iraqi Special Forces FOB created on Camp Liberty
FOBFerrin-HugginsRasheed AB
FOBFortitudeMosulNinevehFaisaliyah District
FOBFreedom
FOBFulda
FOBFunston
FOBGabeBa'qubaDiyala
FOBGaines MillsKirkukKirkuk
FOBGarry Owen
FOBGhostErbilArbil
FOBGivens
FOBGloryMosulNineveh
FOBGoldFallujahAl Anbar
FOBGrant(Tal Ashtah AB)
FOBGrizzly
FOB Spartan
FOB Red Lion
FOB Barbarian
Al KhalisDiyalaApril 2003January 2009
FOBGuardian City(Al Taqaddum AB handed over to Iraqis on April 5, 2020[26][27])
FOBGunner(Taji AB)
FOBHammerBesmaya200733.791944, 44.605278 Besmaya Range Complex
FOBHawkBaghdad
FOBHellhound
Atlas
FOBHit
FOBHonorGreen Zone
FOBHope
Camp Hope
Camp War Eagle
Baghdad
FOBHopping
FOBHotelNajafNajaf
FOBHunter
FOBHurricaneRamadiAl Anbar
FOBIndiaMosulNineveh
FOBIndependence
FOBIronhorseTikritSaladinApril 2003May 2004Renamed FOB Danger
FOBIskandariyah
FOB Chosin
Iskandariya/Al-MusayabBabil20052009FOB Dismantled, Power Plant returned to civilian controlLocated on the grounds of the Musayyib Power Plant
FOBJunction CityRamadiAl Anbar
FOBJustice
FOBKalsuAl-MusayabBabilMay 20032011Renamed COS Kalsu
FOBLatham
Al Walid
FOBLaurieFallujahAl Anbar
FOBLoyaltyBaghdad20032011
FOBLionrenamed FOB Orion(vicinity of LSA AnacondaBalad Air Base)
FOBManhattan(Habbaniyah AB)
FOBMcHenryHawija/Al-Hawija DistrictKirkuk GovernorateE of Kirkuk
FOBMacKenzieSamarraSaladinFormerly FOB Pacesetter
FOBMelodySadr CityBaghdad
FOBMercuryFallujahAl Anbar
FOBMiller
FOBMorganBaghdad International Airport
FOBMuleskinnerRasheed AB
FOBMusanSinjar DistrictNineveh
FOBNimur
FOBNormandyAl-MuqdadiyaDiyalaMarch 2003
FOBOmahaTikritSaladin
FOBO'Ryan / Orion
FOBPacesetterNow MacKenzie
FOBPackhorseTikritSaladinApr 2003
FOBPaliden BaseRamadiAl Anbar
FOBPaliwoda20042009Transferred to Iraqi Control and renamed Balad Joint Coordination Center.Formerly FOB Eagle
FOBPasab
Wilson
FOBPatriot
FOBPhoenixDohukDohuk
FOBProsperity
Camp Prosperity
Baghdad2003Transferred to Iraqi ControlLocated at As-Salam
FOBQ-WestJust outside MosulNinevehFormerly FOB Endurance
FOBQuinnNear An NukhaybAl Anbar2003Mudayasis Airfield
FOBRaiderTikritSaladin
FOBReaper
FOBRegulars
FOBRemagenTikritSaladin2003August 2006Transferred to Iraqi ControlTikrit South Air Base
FOBRidgeway
Ridgway
(Al Taqaddum AB handed over to Iraqis on April 5, 2020[28][29])
FOBRoundtop
Round Top
DianaSoran
FOBRough RiderBalad RuzDiyala
FOBRustamiyah33.282836, 44.519937(former Camp Cuervo)
FOBSabreRamadiAl Anbar
FOBScania
FOBSaint MereFallujahAl Anbar
FOBSaint Michael
Al Mahmudiyah
MahmudiyaBaghdad
FOBShawshookBesmaya2007Created next to FOB Hammer and Besmaya Range Complex
FOBShellSE of Karbala[30]
FOBShield
FOBSpeicher2003Renamed COB Speicheral-Sahra AB
FOBSteel DragonGreen Zone
FOBStone
PB Andrea
FOBSykesTel AfarNinevehFOB Sykes was located approximately five miles south of the Iraqi city of Tal Afar (Ninewah Governorate) and 40 miles east of the IraqSyria border.[31]
FOBSummerall
Stoddard
BaijiSaladin
FOBSword
FOBTaji
FOBTashRamadiAl AnbarJoint Security Station erected around an old Iraqi police station
FOBTigerAl-Qa'imAl Anbar
FOBTinderbox
FOBTrojan HorseGreen Zone
FOBTrotter
FOBUnion IIIGreen Zone/Baghdad2011NATO Training Mission - Iraq[14]:1
Office Of Security Cooperation - Iraq[14]:1
FOBVanguardBaghdad
FOBWar EagleBaghdad
FOBWarhorse(Baquba Air Field)
FOBWarriorKirkukKirkuk AB
FOBWebsterAl Asad AB
FOBWilsonAd Dawr
FOBWyattBalad AB
FOBYankee
FOBYusufiyah
FOBZulu

Joint Base (JB)

Type Name District Governorate Opened Closed Fate Notes
JointBalad
Anaconda Logistical Support Area
Camp Anaconda
[14]:1(Balad Air Base)

Joint Security Station (JSS)

Type Name District Governorate Opened Closed Fate Notes
JSSFalcon
Camp Al-Saqr
Forward Operating Base Falcon
Camp Ferrin-Huggins
Camp Falcon
JSSIndia2-7 Cavalry[14]:11

Patrol Base (PB)

Type Name District Governorate Opened Closed Fate Notes
PBOlsonSamarraSaladinSupplied by Camp Brassfield Mora[32]
PBRazorSamarraSaladinSupplied by Camp Brassfield Mora[32]

Other nomenclatures

References

  1. "US transfers Q-West airfield to Iraqi forces citing progress in fight against ISIS". Military Times. March 29, 2020.
  2. "Iraq & Kuwait U.S. Bases (Summer 2009)" (PDF). Stars and Stripes. April 1, 2020.
  3. "Fort Apache". Newsweek. April 4, 2020.
  4. "Babylon an oasis for troops". Stars and Stripes. April 4, 2020.
  5. "Damage to Babylon Assessed". The Los Angeles Times. April 4, 2020.
  6. "Playing for Bragging Rights". DVIDS. April 5, 2020.
  7. Thompson, Mark (April 5, 2020). "I Didn't Want Anybody to Go to Jail". Time.
  8. "Once bustling U.S. base in Basra now a ghost town". Stars and Stripes. April 5, 2020.
  9. "A New Hotel, Where the Stay Used to Be Mandatory". The New York Times. April 5, 2020.
  10. "POEMS - Najaf" (PDF). U.S. Army. April 5, 2020.
  11. "Unprecedented recruiting event yields record 60-plus recruits". USMC. April 5, 2020.
  12. "Building Security In Barwanah". Space War. April 5, 2020.
  13. ""Closed" Iraq torture jail still open - rights group". Reuters. April 4, 2020.
  14. Morgan, W (2011). Iraq Order Of Battle 2011. US: Institute for the Study of War.
  15. "More U.S. bases close, transfer to Iraqi military". Army.mil. July 21, 2010.
  16. "US hands over another air base to Iraqi forces". MilitaryTimes. April 5, 2020.
  17. "Marines, Coalition Forces Pull out of Iraq's Taqaddum Air Base | Military.com". Military.com. April 5, 2020.
  18. Self-sufficient soldiers make the best of life at Combat Outpost Aztec
  19. "Iraqi army takes over Combat Outpost Dragon". DVIDS. April 6, 2020.
  20. "Once bustling U.S. base in Basra now a ghost town". Stars and Stripes. April 5, 2020.
  21. "US-led coalition troops pull out of base in western Iraq". 20 March 2020.
  22. Cerami, Eric (September 5, 2018). "Firebase Saham [Image 10 of 40]". Defense Visual Information Distribution Service.
  23. Samir [@obretix] (October 21, 2018). "Firebase Saham twitter.com/Tom_Antonov/status/1050779065907597312 … www.google.com/maps ll=34.361809,41.130165&q=34.361809,41.130165&hl=en&t=h&z=18 …" (Tweet) via Twitter.
  24. "U.S. Department of Defense".
  25. NBC News and http://www.commondreams.org/headline/2009/01/04-1
  26. "US hands over another air base to Iraqi forces". MilitaryTimes. April 5, 2020.
  27. "Marines, Coalition Forces Pull out of Iraq's Taqaddum Air Base | Military.com". Military.com. April 5, 2020.
  28. "US hands over another air base to Iraqi forces". MilitaryTimes. April 5, 2020.
  29. "Marines, Coalition Forces Pull out of Iraq's Taqaddum Air Base | Military.com". Military.com. April 5, 2020.
  30. Bernstein 2005, p. 51.
  31. Tall 'Afar
  32. "POEMS - Brassfield Mora" (PDF). U.S. Army. April 5, 2020.
  • Bernstein, J (2005). AH-64 Apache Units Of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-84176-848-0.
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