List of consorts of Tuscany
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany was founded in 1569. It succeeded the Duchy of Florence. The grand duchy was initially ruled by the House of Medici, until their extinction in 1737. The grand duchy passed to the House of Lorraine, and then, to its cadet branch, the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. The House of Habsburg Lorraine ruled Tuscany from 1765 to 1801, and then 1814 to 1859. A reigning grand duchess[1] was styled:
- (1569–1691) Her Highness The Grand Duchess of Tuscany
- (1691–1737)[2] Her Royal Highness The Most Serene Grand Duchess of Tuscany
- (1737–1765) Her Imperial Majesty Holy Roman Empress, the Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, the Archduchess of Austria, the Most Serene Grand Duchess of Tuscany, etc.[3]
- (1765–1804) Her Royal Highness The Most Serene Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Archduchess of Austria, etc.
- (1804–1859) Her Imperial and Royal Highness The Most Serene Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Archduchess of Austria, etc.
Margravine of Tuscany
House of Bonifacii, 812–931
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The names of the wives of Boniface I is not known. | ||||||||
 |
Bertha | - | - | - | 828 husband's accession |
834 husband's deposition |
- | Boniface I |
| The names of the wive of Aganus is not known. | ||||||||
|
Anonsuara | - | - | - | 847 husband's accession |
- | Adalbert I | |
|
Rothilde of Spoleto | Guy I of Spoleto (Widonids) |
- | 863 | 886 husband's death |
- | ||
 |
Bertha of Lotharingia | Lothair II of Lotharingia (Carolingian) |
863 | 895/898 | 10/15 September 915 husband's death |
8 March 925 | Adalbert II | |
|
Marozia of Tusculum | Theophylact I, Count of Tusculum (Tusculani) |
863 – 8 March 925 | 925 | 929 husband's death |
932/937 | Guy | |
House of Arles, 931–1001
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Willa of Burgundy | Rudolph I of Burgundy (Elder Welf) |
- | 912 | 931 husband's accession |
936 husband's deposition |
after 936 | Boso |
|
Willa of Spoleto | Boniface I of Spoleto | - | around 936 | 936 husband's accession |
13 February 962 husband's deposition |
- | Hubert |
|
Judith | - | - | - | 961 husband's accession |
21 December 1001 husband's death |
- | Hugh |
House of Bologna, 1004–1011
- Interregnum 1011–1014
House of ?, 1014–1027
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Waldrada | Guglielmo | - | - | 1014 husband's accession |
1027 husband's death |
- | Rainier |
House of Canossa, 1027–1115
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Richelida of Bergamo | Giselbert II, Count of Bergamo | late 10th century | before 1015 | 1027 husband's accession |
after 1034 | Boniface IV | |
 |
Beatrice of Bar | Frederick II, Duke of Upper Lorraine (Ardennes-Bar) |
1017 | 1037 | 6 May 1052 husband's death |
18 April 1076 | ||
- Interregnum 1115–1120
House of Scheiern, 1120–1127
- Interregnum 1127–1135
House of Sponheim, 1135–1137
- None
House of Welf, 1137–1139
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Gertrude of Süpplingenburg | Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor (Süpplingenburg) |
18 April 1115 | 29 May 1127 | 1137 husband's accession |
20 October 1139 husband's death |
18 April 1143 | Henry |
House of Attems, 1139–1152
House of Welf, 1152–1173
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Uta of Calw | Godfrey of Calw, Count Palatine of the Rhine (Calw) |
1115/1120 | by January 1133 | October 1152 husband's accession |
1160 their son became Margrave |
1197 | Welf VI (1st reign) |
| 11/12 September 1167 husband's accession |
1173 husband lost the March |
Welf VI (2nd reign) | ||||||
- Interregnum 1173–1195
House of Hohenstaufen, 1195–1197
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Irene Angelina | Isaac II Angelos (Angelos) |
1177/1181 | 25 May 1197 | 1197 husband ceased to be Margrave |
27 August 1208 | Philip | |
Consorts of the Lords of Florence
House of Medici, 1434–1531
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Death | Spouse | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
%252C_Contessina_de'_Bardi.jpg.webp) |
Contessina de' Bardi | Alessandro de' Bardi (Bardi) |
1390 | 1416 | 6 October 1434 husband's accession |
October 1473 | Cosimo de' Medici | |
 |
Lucrezia Tornabuoni | Francesco Tornabuoni | 1425 | 3 June 1444 | 1 August 1464 husband's accession |
25 March 1482 | Pietro de' Medici | |
 |
Clarice Orsini | Giacomo Orsini (Orsini) |
1453 | 7 February 1469 | 2 December 1469 husband's accession |
29 July 1487 | Lorenzo de' Medici | |
 |
Alfonsina Orsini | Roberto Orsini (Orsini) |
1472 | March 1488 | 9 April 1492 husband's accession |
7 February 1520 yet exiled in 1494 |
Pietro de' Medici | |
| Republic restored 1494–1512 | ||||||||
 |
Madeleine de la Tour d'Auvergne | John III, Count of Auvergne (La Tour d'Auvergne) |
1501 | 5 May 1518 | 28 April 1519 | Lorenzo II de' Medici | ||
| Republic restored 1527–1530 | ||||||||
Duchess of Florence
House of Medici, 1531–1569
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Margaret of Austria | Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (Habsburg) |
28 December 1522 | 18 January 1536 | 6 January 1537 husband's death |
18 January 1586 | Alessandro de' Medici | |
 |
Eleanor of Toledo | Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, Marquis of Villafranca | 1522 | 29 March 1539 | 6 January 1537 husband's accession |
17 December 1562 | Cosimo I de' Medici | |
Grand Duchess of Tuscany
House of Medici, 1569–1737
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Joanna of Austria | Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (Habsburg) |
24 January 1547 | 25 December 1565 | 21 April 1574 husband's accession |
11 April 1578 | Francesco I | |
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Bianca Cappello | Bartolomeo Cappello (Cappello) |
1548 | 12 June 1579 | 17 October 1587 | |||
 |
Christina of Lorraine | Charles III, Duke of Lorraine (Lorraine) |
16 August 1565 | 3 May 1589 | 17 February 1609 husband's death |
9 December 1637 | Ferdinando I | |
 |
Maria Magdalena of Austria | Charles II, Archduke of Austria (Habsburg) |
7 October 1589 | 19 October 1608 | 17 February 1609 husband's accession |
28 February 1621 husband's death |
1 November 1631 | Cosimo II |
 |
Vittoria della Rovere | Federico Ubaldo della Rovere (Della Rovere) |
7 February 1622 | 26 September 1633 | 23 May 1670 husband's death |
5 March 1694 | Ferdinando II | |
_from_a_set_of_portraits_called_%22The_three_sisters_of_Mademoiselle_de_Montpensier.jpg.webp) |
Marguerite Louise d'Orléans | Gaston d'Orléans (Orléans) |
28 July 1645 | 20 June 1661 | 23 May 1670 husband's accession |
17 September 1721 | Cosimo III | |
_-_Official_portrait_of_Anna_Maria_Franziska_von_Sachsen-Lauenburg_as_Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany.jpg.webp) |
Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg | Julius Francis, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (Ascania) |
13 June 1672 | 2 September 1697 | 31 October 1723 husband's accession |
9 July 1737 husband's death |
15 October 1741 | Gian Gastone |
The Medici became extinct in 1737. Francis Stpehen, Duke of Lorraine acceded the grand-ducal throne.
House of Lorraine, 1737–1765
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Maria Theresa of Austria | Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (Habsburg) |
13 May 1717 | 12 February 1736 | 9 July 1737 husband's accession |
18 August 1765 husband's death |
29 November 1780 | Francesco II |
House of Habsburg-Lorraine, 1765–1801
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Maria Luisa of Spain | Charles III of Spain (Bourbon) |
24 November 1745 | 5 August 1765 | 18 August 1765 husband's accession |
20 February 1790 husband's abdication, becomes Holy Roman Empress |
15 May 1792 | Leopold I |
 |
Luise of Naples and Sicily | Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies (Bourbon-Two Sicilies) |
27 July 1773 | 15 August 1790 | 21 March 1801 husband's deposition |
19 December 1802 | Ferdinand III | |
The House of Habsburg-Lorraine was deposed by the Treaty of Aranjuez in 1801. The House of Bourbon-Parma ruled over Tuscany in the form of the Kingdom of Etruria until their own deposition by forces of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807.
Elisa Bonaparte become Duchess of her ancestral homeland in 1809 by appointment from her own second older brother and King of Italy, Napoleon himself.
Queen of Etruria
House of Bourbon-Parma, 1801–1807
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Maria Luisa of Spain | Charles IV of Spain (Bourbon) |
6 July 1782 | 25 August 1795 | 21 March 1801 husband's accession |
27 May 1803 husband's death |
13 March 1824 | Louis |
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
Grand Duchess of Tuscany
House of Habsburg-Lorraine, 1814–1859
The Habsburgs were restored by the Congress of Vienna in 1814.
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Maria Ferdinanda of Saxony | Maximilian, Crown Prince of Saxony (Wettin) |
27 April 1796 | 6 May 1821 | 18 June 1824 husband's death |
3 January 1865 | Ferdinand III | |
 |
Maria Anna of Saxony | Maximilian, Crown Prince of Saxony (Wettin) |
15 November 1799 | 16 November 1817 | 18 June 1824 husband's accession |
24 March 1832 | Leopold II | |
 |
Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies | Francis I of the Two Sicilies (Bourbon-Two Sicilies) |
19 December 1814 | 7 June 1833 | 21 July 1859 husband's abdication/deposition |
7 November 1898 | ||
Tuscany was annexed to the United Provinces of Central Italy in 1859, and then absorbed into the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1860.
Titular Grand Duchesses, 1868–2013
| Picture | Name | Father | Birth | Marriage | Became Consort | Ceased to be Consort | Death | Spouse |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Alicia of Parma | Charles III, Duke of Parma (Bourbons of Parma) |
27 December 1849 | 11 January 1868 | 17 January 1908 husband's death |
16 November 1935 | Ferdinand IV | |
 |
Maria Cristina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies | Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta (Bourbons of the Two Sicilies) |
10 April 1877 | 8 November 1900 | 28 February 1942 husband's accession |
4 October 1947 | Peter Ferdinand | |
 |
Princess Dorothea of Bavaria | Prince Franz of Bavaria (Wittelsbach) |
25 May 1920 | 2 August 1938 | 21 January 1984 husband's death |
5 July 2015 | Gottfried | |
|
Elyssa Edmonstone | Sir Archibald Bruce Edmonstone, of Duntreath, 7th Baronet |
11 September 1973 | 18 June 1993 | 25 June 2013 divorce |
n/a | Sigismund | |
See also
- List of rulers of Tuscany
- List of consorts of Urbino
- List of Parmese consorts
- List of Savoyard consorts
- List of consorts of Montferrat
- List of Sardinian consorts
- List of Sicilian consorts
- List of Neapolitan consorts
- List of consorts of the Two Sicilies
- List of Italian consorts
- Grand Duchy of Tuscany
- Grand Princesses of Tuscany
Notes
- The Bourbon-Parma Kingdom of Etruria, which existed from 1801–1807, had one consort, she was styled as Her Majesty The Queen of Etruria
- The dates are theoretical, the first grand duchess became so in 1574, but here the style is dated at the establishment of the grand duchy. The grand duchy had a brief interregnum between 1801 and 1814, when it was part of Etruria, France, and then granted as a courtesy title to Napoleon I's sister, Elisa Bonaparte.
- Maria Theresa of Austria was suo jure Queen of Hungary, Queen of Bohemia, Archduchess of Austria, and, as the consort of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, she was Holy Roman Empress
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