List of topologies
The following is a list of named topologies or particular topological spaces that appear in topology and related branches of mathematics. This is not a list of properties that a topology or topological space might have; for that, see List of general topology topics and Topological property.
Widely known topologies
- The Baire space − with the product topology, where denotes the natural numbers endowed with the discrete topology. It is the space of all sequences of natural numbers.
- Discrete topology − All subsets are open.
- Euclidean topology
- Indiscrete topology or Trivial topology − Only the empty set and its complement are open.
Counter-example topologies
The following topologies are a known source of counterexamples for point-set topology.
- Appert topology − A Hausdorff, perfectly normal (T6), zero-dimensional space that is countable, but neither first countable, locally compact, nor countably compact.
- Arens–Fort space − A Hausdorff, regular, normal space that is not first-countable or compact. It has an element (i.e. ) for which there is no sequence in that converges to but there is a sequence in such that is a cluster point of
- Branching line − A non-Hausdorff manifold.
- Comb space
- Dogbone space
- Dunce hat (topology)
- Fort space
- House with two rooms
- Excluded point topology
- Infinite broom
- Integer broom topology
- K-topology
- Lexicographic order topology on the unit square
- Line with two origins, also called the bug-eyed line − It is a non-Hausdorff manifold and a locally regular space but not a semiregular space.
- Long line (topology)
- Moore plane, also called the Niemytzki plane − A first countable, separable, completely regular, Hausdorff, Moore space that is not normal, Lindelöf, metrizable, second countable, nor locally compact. It also an uncountable closed subspace with the discrete topology.
- Overlapping interval topology − Second countable space that is T0 but not T1.
- Particular point topology − Assuming the set is infinite, then contains a non-closed compact subset whose closure is not compact and moreover, it is neither metacompact nor paracompact.
- Prüfer manifold − A Hausdorff 2-dimensional real analytic manifold that is not paracompact.
- Sorgenfrey line, which is endowed with lower limit topology − It is Hausdorff, perfectly normal, first-countable, separable, paracompact, Lindelöf, Baire, and a Moore space but not metrizable, second-countable, σ-compact, nor locally compact.
- Sorgenfrey plane, which is the product of two copies of the Sorgenfrey line − A Moore space that is neither normal, paracompact, nor second countable.
- Topologist's sine curve
- Tychonoff plank
- Warsaw circle
- Whitehead manifold
Topologies defined in terms of other topologies
Natural topologies
List of natural topologies.
Compactifications
Other induced topologies
- Box topology
- Duplication of a point: Let be a non-isolated point of let be arbitrary, and let Then is a topology on and x and d have the same neighborhood filters in In this way, x has been duplicated.[1]
Topologies of uniform convergence
This lists named topologies of uniform convergence.
Fractal spaces
Topologies related to other structures
Other topologies
- Cantor space
- Cocountable topology
- Given a topological space the cocountable extension topology on X is the topology having as a subbasis the union of τ and the family of all subsets of X whose complements in X are countable.
- Cofinite topology
- Discrete two-point space − The simplest example of a totally disconnected discrete space.
- Double-pointed cofinite topology
- Erdős space − A Hausdorff, totally disconnected, one-dimensional topological space that is homeomorphic to
- Half-disk topology
- Hawaiian earring
- Hedgehog space
- Long line (topology)
- Pseudocircle − A finite topological space on 4 elements that fails to satisfy any separation axiom besides T0. However, from the viewpoint of algebraic topology, it has the remarkable property that it is indistinguishable from the circle
- Rose (topology)
- Split interval, also called the Alexandrov double arrow space and the two arrows space − All compact separable ordered spaces are order-isomorphic to a subset of the split interval. It is compact Hausdorff, hereditarily Lindelöf, and hereditarily separable but not metrizable. Its metrizable subspaces are all countable.
- Zariski topology
See also
References
- Wilansky 2008, p. 35.
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