List of women who obtained doctoral degrees before 1800
Although doctoral degrees appeared in the universities of West Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries, for a long time they were given only to men. Below is a list of the women who obtained doctoral degrees before 1800. The list includes only academic degrees, not Doctors of Divinity.
Constance Calenda (fl. 1415) may have received a medical degree from the University of Naples.[1] Juliana Morell "defended theses" in 1606 or 1607, although claims that she received a doctorate in canon law in 1608 have been discredited.[2] The putative 13th-century instance of Bittizia Gozzadini at the University of Bologna is discounted by Holt N. Parker.[3]
| Person | Year | University | Degree |
|---|---|---|---|
| Elena Cornaro Piscopia | 1678 | University of Padua | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Laura Bassi | 1732 | University of Bologna | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Cristina Roccati | 1750 | University of Bologna | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Dorothea Erxleben | 1754 | University of Halle | Doctor of Medicine |
| Maria Pellegrina Amoretti | 1777 | University of Pavia | Doctor of Laws |
| Dorothea von Rodde-Schlözer | 1787 | University of Göttingen | Doctor of Medicine |
| Maria Dalle Donne | 1799 | University of Bologna | Doctor of Medicine |
Maria Pellegrina Amoretti, one of the first woman doctor of laws
Elena Cornaro Piscopia, the first woman doctor of philosophy
Dorothea Erxleben, one of the first women doctors of medicine
References
- Whaley, L. (2011). Women and the Practice of Medical Care in Early Modern Europe, 1400-1800. Springer. p. 15. ISBN 978-0230295179. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
- Morley, S. Griswold (January 1941). "Juliana Morell: Problems". Hispanic Review. 9 (1): 137–150. doi:10.2307/469691. JSTOR 469691.; Morley, S. Griswold (July 1941). "Juliana Morell: Postscript". Hispanic Review. 9 (3): 399–402. doi:10.2307/469606. ISSN 0018-2176. JSTOR 469606.
- Morata, Olympia (2007). Parker, Holt N. (ed.). The Complete Writings of an Italian Heretic. The Other Voice in Early Modern Europe. 52. University of Chicago Press. p. 30, fn.155. ISBN 978-0226536712. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
Literature
- Cavazza, Marta (1997), "Minerva e Pigmalione. Carriere femminili nell'Italia del Settecento", The Italianist, 17 (1): 5–17, doi:10.1179/ita.1997.17.1.5 (complete list for 18th century)
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