Luis de Santa María Nanacacipactzin

Don Luis de Santa María Nanacacipactzin was the last tlatoani ("king") of the Nahua altepetl of Tenochtitlan,[1] as well as its governor (gobernador) under the colonial Spanish system of government. The previous ruler Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin having died in 1562,[2] Nanacacipactzin was installed on September 30, 1563, and ruled until his death on December 27, 1565.[1]

Luis de Santa María Nanacacipactzin
Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan
1563 – 1565
Preceded byCristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin
Governor of San Juan Tenochtitlan
1563 – 1565
Preceded byCristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin
Succeeded byFrancisco Jiménez
Alcalde of San Juan Tenochtitlan
1557
WithTomás de Aquino Yspopulac
Preceded byMiguel Sánchez Yscatl
Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin
Succeeded byMartín Cano
Pedro de la Cruz Tlapaltecatl
About
Died
  • 27 December 1565

His rule was dominated by disputes with the Spanish colonial government over tribute payments. In January 1564, the viceroyalty passed a law requiring the Tenochca to pay 14,000 pesos in annual tribute, as well as a large payment in corn. Nanacacipactzin resisted this demand, and faced a number of Spanish-backed lawsuits as a result, even being arrested for three days in September 1564 for failing to secure agreement to the new payments. His mental and physical health declined as a result, and this likely contributed to his death in December 1565.[3]

With Nanacacipactzin's death, the rule of Tenochtitlan by dynastic tlatoque (plural of tlatoani) came to an end.[1] As governor, he was succeeded in 1568 by Francisco Jiménez, who was a native of Tecamachalco rather than Tenochtitlan.[4]

His Nahuatl name, Nanacacipactli (or Nanacacipactzin in the honorific form), literally means "mushroom alligator". It appears his birth name was simply Cipactli "alligator", and the "mushroom" element was added as a nickname,[5] possibly due to a perception that he was ineffective in resisting Spanish tribute demands.[6]

See also

Notes

  1. Chimalpahin (1997): vol. 1, p. 175; vol. 2, p. 43.
  2. Chimalpahin (1997): vol. 1, p. 175; vol. 2, p. 41.
  3. Townsend, Camilla (2019). Fifth Sun: A New History of the Aztecs. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 166–178. ISBN 978-0190673062.
  4. Chimalpahin (1997): vol. 1, p. 177; vol. 2, p. 43.
  5. Lockhart (1992): p. 118.
  6. Townsend (2019). Fifth Sun. p. 168.

References

Regnal titles
Preceded by
Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin
Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan
1563–1565
None
Political offices
Preceded by
Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin
Governor of San Juan Tenochtitlan
1563–1565
Vacant
Title next held by
Francisco Jiménez
as judge-governor
Preceded by
Miguel Sánchez Yscatl and Cristóbal de Guzmán Cecetzin
Alcalde of San Juan Tenochtitlan
1557
with Tomás de Aquino Yspopulac
Succeeded by
Martín Cano and Pedro de la Cruz Tlapaltecatl


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