MACHO catalyst
In homogeneous catalysis, MACHO catalysts are metal complexes containing MACHO ligands, which are of the type HN(CH2CH2PR2)2, where R is typically phenyl or isopropyl. Complexes with ruthenium(II) and iridium(III) have received much attention for their ability to hydrogenate polar bonds such as those in esters and even carbon dioxide.[1] The catalysts appear to operate via intermediates where the amine proton and the hydride ligand both interact with the substrate.[2][3] The Ru-MACHO catalyst have been commercialized for the synthesis of 1,2-propanediol from bio-derived methyl lactate.[4]
An iridium MACHO catalyst.
A ruthenium MACHO catalyst.
See also
- 1,5-Diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctanes, phosphine amine ligands used in hydrogen evolution
- Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation, another family of amine-phosphine catalysts
- Shvo catalyst, a related bifunctional catalyst for hydrogen transfer
References
- Yao, Qingwei (2015). "Ruthenium, carbonyl[2-(diphenylphosphino-κP)-N-[2-(diphenylphosphino-κP)ethyl]ethanamine-κN][tetrahydroborato(1-)-κH]-hydrido, (OC-6-13)-". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. pp. 1–3. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rn01801. ISBN 9780470842898.
- Kothandaraman, Jotheeswari; Goeppert, Alain; Czaun, Miklos; Olah, George A.; Prakash, G. K. Surya (2016). "Conversion of CO2 from Air into Methanol Using a Polyamine and a Homogeneous Ruthenium Catalyst". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 138 (3): 778–781. doi:10.1021/jacs.5b12354. PMID 26713663.
- Kuriyama, Wataru; Matsumoto, Takaji; Ogata, Osamu; Ino, Yasunori; Aoki, Kunimori; Tanaka, Shigeru; Ishida, Kenya; Kobayashi, Tohru; Sayo, Noboru; Saito, Takao (2012). "Catalytic Hydrogenation of Esters. Development of an Efficient Catalyst and Processes for Synthesising (R)-1,2-Propanediol and 2-(l-Menthoxy)ethanol". Organic Process Research & Development. 16: 166–171. doi:10.1021/op200234j.
- Dub, Pavel A.; Gordon, John C. (2018). "The role of the metal-bound N–H functionality in Noyori-type molecular catalysts". Nature Reviews Chemistry. 2 (12): 396–408. doi:10.1038/s41570-018-0049-z. S2CID 106394152.
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