Marcus Atilius Regulus (consul 267 BC)

Marcus Atilius Regulus
Marcus Atilius Regulus
	Regulus Returning to Carthage (1791); by Andries Cornelis Lens
Consul of the Roman Republic
	In office; 267 BC – 267 BC
Preceded by	Publius Sempronius Sophus and Appius Claudius Russus
Succeeded by	Decimus Junius Pera and Numerius Fabius Pictor
Consul of the Roman Republic
	In office; 256 BC – 256 BC
Preceded by	Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus and Quintus Caedicius
Succeeded by	Marcus Aemilius Paullus and Servius Fulvius Paetinus Nobilior
Personal details
Born	Before 307 BC; Roman Republic
Died	250 BC; Carthage
Military service
Allegiance	Roman Republic
Rank	General
Battles/wars	First Punic War; Battle of Cape Ecnomus; Siege of Aspis; Battle of Adys; Battle of Tunis

Marcus Atilius Regulus (probably lived between 307 BC – 250 BC) was a Roman statesman and general who was a consul of the Roman Republic in 267 BC and 256 BC.[1]

This is about the Roman general and consul. for other Romans of that name, see Marcus Atilius Regulus (disambiguation).

Life

Regulus first became consul in 267 BC, when he fought the Messapians. Elected as a consul again in 256 BC, he served as a general in the First Punic War (256 BC), where he defeated the Carthaginians in a naval battle at Cape Ecnomus near Sicily and invaded North Africa, winning victories at Aspis and Adys, until he was defeated and captured at Tunis in 255 BC. After he was released on parole to negotiate a peace, he is supposed to have urged the Roman Senate to refuse the proposals and then, over the protests of his own people, to have fulfilled the terms of his parole, rather than break his word, by returning to Carthage, where, according to Roman tradition and Livy, he was tortured to death. In Tertullian's "To the Martyrs" (Chapter 4) and Augustine of Hippo's The City of God (I.15), it is said the Carthaginians "packed him into a tight wooden box, spiked with sharp nails on all sides so that he could not lean in any direction without being pierced."[2] However, Polybius does not mention it, while Diodorus (a writer hostile to the Carthaginians) implies he died from natural causes.[3] He was posthumously seen by the Romans as a model of civic virtue.[1]

He is mentioned in Historiae Animalium by Conrad Gessner:

"Dragons are certain great beasts, and there are none greater upon the earth.

Neither is it to be thought incredible, that the soldiers of Attilius Regulus did kill a Dragon which was a hundred and twenty foot long..."[4]

Family

Atilius Regulus, the son of the eponymous consul of 294 BC, descended from an ancient Calabrian family. According to later Roman historians, he married one Marcia, who tortured several Carthaginian prisoners to death on hearing of her husband's death. He had at least two sons and one daughter by Livy's account; both sons became consuls: Marcus in 227 BC and Gaius in 225 BC (killed in battle against the Gauls).

A cousin, Gaius Atilius Regulus, served as consul in 257 BC and in 250 BC.

Notes

"Marcus Atilius Regulus". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
Translation by Gerald G. Walsh, S.J., Demetrius B. Zema, S.J., Grace Monahan, O.S.U., and Daniel J. Honan.
Carthage and the Carthaginians, R. Bosworth Smith.
Topsell, Edward; Gessner, Conrad; Moffett, Thomas; Rowland, John (1658). The history of four-footed beasts and serpents. Duke University Libraries. London, Printed by E. Cotes, for G. Sawbridge [etc.]

References

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Regulus, Marcus Atilius". Encyclopædia Britannica. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 48.

External links

Media related to Marcus Atilius Regulus at Wikimedia Commons

Preceded by Publius Sempronius Sophus and Appius Claudius Russus	Consul of the Roman Republic with Lucius Julius Libo 267 BC	Succeeded by Decimus Iunius Pera and Numerius Fabius Pictor
Preceded by Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus and Quintus Caedicius	Consul (Suffect) of the Roman Republic with Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus 256 BC	Succeeded by Marcus Aemilius Paullus and Servius Fulvius Paetinus Nobilior

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[eb-1] "Marcus Atilius Regulus". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 8 September 2012.

[2] Translation by Gerald G. Walsh, S.J., Demetrius B. Zema, S.J., Grace Monahan, O.S.U., and Daniel J. Honan.

[3] Carthage and the Carthaginians, R. Bosworth Smith.

[4] Topsell, Edward; Gessner, Conrad; Moffett, Thomas; Rowland, John (1658). The history of four-footed beasts and serpents. Duke University Libraries. London, Printed by E. Cotes, for G. Sawbridge [etc.]