Margaret Fletcher

Margaret Fletcher (1862–1943) was an author, artist and a pioneer in the field of women's education, promoter of Christian feminism and founder of the Catholic Women's League.[1]

Margaret Fletcher
Born1862
Oxford
Died1943
NationalityBritish
Known forCatholic Women's League

Life

Margaret Fletcher was born in Oxford as one of nine children of an Anglican clergyman, Rev.Carteret J.H. Fletcher.[2] She attended Oxford High School and later studied art in Oxford under John Ruskin, at Slade School of Art and at the Female School of Art in Bloomsbury. Frustrated at what she saw as a lack of opportunity for women artists in England, women, for example, being barred from life classes, aged only 20, when it was still unconventional for young women to travel unchaperoned, she went to Colorassi Studio in Paris, where both sexes were treated equally. She continued her studies there,(a picture of hers was hung in the Salon), and met with people from different backgrounds which raised her awareness to a global level which was unlikely to have occurred in the security and complacence of Victorian England. Her stay in Paris was cut short by the death of her mother in 1888 but it helped to shape her future work. She returned to Oxford, abandoning a promising career as a professional artist, to look after her younger siblings and her father whom she cared for until his death in 1918, aged 91."The family",she modestly wrote,"must be my first care. Nothing can exceed the futile misery of the sacrifice of other lives made on the altar of small talents".

She continued painting as a hobby and in 1889 went with a girl friend on a sketching tour of Hungary. She illustrated with pen and ink sketches scenes from Jane Austen, in Duologues and Scenes from the Novels of Jane Austen (1895).[3] Her paintings include "Nancy" exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1886, Professor Thorold Rogers (1891) which hangs in Worcester College, Oxford, the actress Lady Martin Harvey (stage- name Nell de Silva) (1889) and Jesuit Fr. Dominic Plater (1920) in possession of Jesuit Archives in London. She also established a life class in Oxford despite some opposition from the City authorities. She engaged in some theatrical ventures with Nigel Playfair and Rosina Filippi in the O.U.D.S. and elsewhere with Frank Benson and the Martin-Harveys.

Despite her father being an Anglican clergyman, in 1897 she converted to Catholicism without any opposition from her family. In 1904 she founded a quarterly magazine, The Crucible, aimed at providing a periodical of higher education for women and arousing the interest of teachers and schools in getting better education for women. This led in 1906 to her founding, with the approval of the Catholic hierarchy, the Catholic Women's League ("CWL").[4] She worked tirelessly to ensure its success and to promote the emancipation of women and a more prominent role for them in education and other spheres of public life, travelling extensively both in Great Britain and on the Continent. It was the time of the Suffrage movement but Fletcher saw many dangers inherent in it. Her aim was "to put into the field trained bands of women" by promoting the education of Catholic lay women to engage in the public sphere. She was convinced that the conventional protective shelter for women was unnecessary. Her success as an educator and enabler of Catholic lay women's participation in this sphere was well demonstrated during the First World War. CWL was able to place "trained bands of women" at the disposal of both Church and state for war work. CWL staffed canteen huts both at home and abroad for servicemen and provided accommodation for Belgian refugees and munition workers, receiving recognition for its work from the British, French and Belgian governments. Similar work was carried out during the Second World War when mobile canteens were sent to Normandy as early as August 1944 and CWL was active in every theatre of the War. Fletcher had retired for the last time from presidency of CWL in 1922 by which time many branches of CWL had sprung up, both in the UK and abroad and its continuing charitable work is a fitting tribute to the organisation's founder.

Works
  • "Sketches of Life in Hungary"(1892)
  • "Light for New Times"(1902)
  • "The School of the Heart"(1904)
  • The Fugitives" Longmans, Green and Company(1912)
  • "Christian Feminism: a Charter of Rights and Duties"(1916)
  • "The Christian Family" Catholic Social Guild(1920)
  • "O,Call Back Yesterday" Blackwells(1939) - her autobiography.

References
  1. Olivier Rota, "Margaret Fletcher and the Roman Catholic thinking on women before the First World War. An idea of woman and woman’s higher education", in Women’s History Magazine, 58, Spring/Summer 2008, pp. 34–37.
  2. Oxford dictionary of national biography. British Academy., Oxford University Press. (Online ed.). Oxford. ISBN 9780198614128. OCLC 56568095.CS1 maint: others (link)
  3. Looser, Devoney (2017). The Making of Jane Austen. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 92. ISBN 978-1421422824.
  4. Newman, Mary V. (May 2014). "'To put into the field trained bands of women': Margaret Fletcher and the Education of Catholic Lay Women to Engage in the Public Sphere in the Early Twentieth Century" (PDF). History of Education Researcher.

Further reading
  • Mary G. Segar, Margaret Fletcher (1862-1943): artist and pioneer, Catholic Truth Society, 1945. OCLC 500187277
  • Mary Critchley-Salmonson "From the Beaches of Normandy to Berlin", Catholic Women's League
  • Margaret Fletcher "O, Call Back Yesterday"
  • Dorothy Banks "Margaret Fletcher"

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