Mary Hogarth

Hogarth's room at 48 Doughty Street in 2014.

Hogarth was the daughter of George Hogarth (1783–1870), a music critic, cellist and composer,[1] and Georgina Hogarth née Thompson (1793–1863). She was born in Edinburgh, where her father was a legal advisor to Walter Scott, whom the young Charles Dickens greatly admired.[2] She was the fourth of ten children, and the third daughter.[lower-alpha 3][5] Hogarth was named after her paternal grandmother.[5]^:27[6]^:73 The name Mary Scott had previously been given to George and Georgina's third child, born 1817 or 1818, who was an infant when she died.[5]

Mary and her sister Catherine first met Charles Dickens when Mary was aged 14, on Dickens' first visit to the Hogarth household in Brompton, London.[7][8] Whilst Dickens and Catherine were courting, Mary was a constant companion and chaperone to both of them.[8] After Charles and Catherine Dickens married in 1836, Hogarth lived with them for a month in a three bedroom apartment at the Furnival's Inn in Holborn, London. From March 1837, Hogarth lived with the couple at 48 Doughty Street, where she helped her sister with household chores, as Catherine was pregnant with her first child.[5][7][9][10]^:194

Hogarth was described by those who knew her as "sweet, beautiful and light-hearted".[9] When Robert Story visited the Hogarth household in 1836, he described Hogarth as "the fairest flower of spring".[5]^:82 Dickens showed particular affection to Hogarth, and described her as "a close friend, an exceptional sister, a companion at home."[11] It is believed that Hogarth was the first person to read The Pickwick Papers and Oliver Twist, as Dickens valued Hogarth's input and feedback more than his wife's.[9]

Hogarth's grave in Kensal Green Cemetery, London.

In the early hours of 7 May 1837, after Hogarth had returned from a showing of Is She His Wife? at the St James's Theatre with the Dickens couple, she collapsed unexpectedly.[8][12] She died at around 15:00 local time later that day at the Dickens family home. Hogarth was 17 years old. The cause of death is believed to have been either heart failure or a stroke.[8][12][13] In the weeks after Hogarth's death, Dickens wrote many letters, and three of them contained the assertion that the cause of death was heart failure.[12] Hogarth was buried on 13 May at the Kensal Green Cemetery, London.[5]^:91[13] Dickens wrote the epitaph on her tombstone, which says "Young, beautiful, and good, God numbered her among his angels at the early age of seventeen".[3] The tombstone now includes epitaphs to her brother George, and their parents Georgina, who died in 1863, and George, who died in 1870.[6]^:344 The bedroom where Hogarth died is now part of the Charles Dickens Museum.[13] As a result of Hogarth's death, Charles Dickens missed the publication dates for The Pickwick Papers and Oliver Twist. It was the only time in his life that Dickens missed publication dates. As a reason for missing the publication dates, he wrote that "he had lost a very dear young relative to whom he was most affectionately attached, and whose society has been, for a long time, the chief solace of his labours".[13] He wore Hogarth's ring for the rest of his life, and also requested a locket of her hair.[13][14]

Eight months after Hogarth's death, Charles and Catherine Dickens' second child and first daughter was born. Charles demanded that the child be named Mary, in memory of Hogarth.[9][11]

Engraving of Rose Maylie and Oliver Twist. Hogarth is seen as the inspiration for Maylie.

Hogarth is believed to influenced a number of Dickens characters. She is seen as the inspiration for Rose Maylie in Oliver Twist, which was publishing serially when Mary died. In the book, Maylie suffered a sudden illness, although unlike Howarth, Maylie did not die.[14][10] Robert Douglas-Fairhurst, an author who studied Dickens, believed that Dickens wanted to "give the story a different ending."[14] Hogarth is also seen as the inspiration for Little Nell in The Old Curiosity Shop. Nell had many traits that Dickens associated to Howarth, including describing Nell as "young, beautiful and good",[15] and Nell also dies suddenly in the book.[10][12] Other characters believed to have been inspired by Mary include Kate Nickleby, the 17-year-old sister of the hero of the novel Nicholas Nickleby; Agnes Wickfield, the heroine in David Copperfield (her character was a mixture of both Mary and Georgina, another of Dickens' sister-in-laws); Ruth Pinch from Martin Chuzzlewit;[9][10][8][13] Lilian, the child who appears in Trotty Veck's visions in The Chimes; and Dot Peerybingle, the sister in The Cricket on the Hearth.[9] Unlike Hogarth, Dickens' wife Catherine does not appear to have been the inspiration for any of his characters.[16]

• John Forster, The Life of Charles Dickens, London, Cecil Palmer, 1872–1874
• Mamie Dickens, Georgina Hogarth, The Letters of Charles Dickens from 1833 to 1870, LLC, Kessinger Publishing, 1882 (ISBN 1161415963 and ISBN 978-1161415964)
• George Dolby, Charles Dickens as I Knew Him, New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1912
• (fr) André Maurois, Portraits nouveaux de Charles Dickens, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Gallica, 1934
• Sir Felix Aylmer, Dickens Incognito, London, Hart-Davis, 1959
• Albert J. Guerard, The Triumph of the Novel: Dickens, Dostoevsky, Faulkner, New York, Oxford University Press, 1976 (ISBN 0195020669 and ISBN 9780195020663)
• Peter Ackroyd, Dickens, New York, Harper Perennials, 1992, p. 1195 (ISBN 0060922656 and ISBN 9780060922658)
• Charles Dickens, The Letters of Charles Dickens, éd. Madeline House, Graham Storey et al., Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1965–2002
• David Paroissien (dir.), A Companion to Charles Dickens, Chichester, Wiley Blackwell, 2011 (ISBN 978-0-470-65794-2)